{"id":1029,"date":"2021-04-22T04:51:52","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T02:51:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=1029"},"modified":"2021-04-22T04:51:52","modified_gmt":"2021-04-22T02:51:52","slug":"bez-toho-se-neobejdeme-cim-odpovi-severni-lodstvo-rf-vojenskemu-namornictvu-nato","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/04\/22\/bez-toho-se-neobejdeme-cim-odpovi-severni-lodstvo-rf-vojenskemu-namornictvu-nato\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eBez toho se neobejdeme.\u201c: \u010c\u00edm odpov\u00ed Severn\u00ed lo\u010fstvo RF vojensk\u00e9mu n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu NATO"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Neobvykl\u00e1 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, nehlu\u010dnost, velk\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislost plavby a nestandardn\u00ed \u00fakoly \u2013 do roku 2027 bude Severn\u00ed lo\u010fstvo Vojensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva RF pos\u00edleno minim\u00e1ln\u011b \u010dty\u0159mi nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi dieselelektrick\u00fdmi ponorkami projektu 677 Lada. Nyn\u00ed jsou podobn\u00e9 ponorky zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 v Arktid\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Dieselov\u00e1 s\u00e9rie<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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Dieselelektrick\u00e9 ponorky projektu 677 \u010dtvrt\u00e9 generace se stav\u00ed od konce 90. let. Hlavn\u00ed ponorka Sankt-Pet\u011brburg je nyn\u00ed ve zku\u0161ebn\u00edm provozu. Dv\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed ponorky \u2013 Kron\u0161tadt a Velikije Luki – jsou v r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch v\u00fdstavby. Dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b budou zalo\u017eeny v roce 2022.<\/div>\n
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Lada<\/strong>\u00a0je v mnoh\u00e9m inova\u010dn\u00ed projekt. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i z Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Rubin pou\u017eili jedno korpusov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed pro ruskou stavbu lod\u00ed charakteristick\u00e9. D\u00edky zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmu povlaku a tak\u00e9 modern\u00edm radioelektronick\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm a vysok\u00e9mu stupni automatizace se Lady vyzna\u010duj\u00ed nehlu\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je pro ponorky t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00eddy rekordn\u00ed.<\/div>\n
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Krom\u011b toho budou v perspektiv\u011b\u00a0ponorky\u00a0projektu 677 vybaveny anaerobn\u00edmi (nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi na vzduchu) pohonn\u00fdmi jednotkami, kter\u00e9 nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed vyno\u0159en\u00ed na nab\u00edjen\u00ed akumul\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Projekt Lada je jednou z dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edch staveb rusk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. Term\u00edny odevzd\u00e1n\u00ed ponorek do provozu byly nejednou posunuty, financov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eeno a pr\u00e1ce pozastavena. Podle slov \u0161\u00e9fa Sjednocen\u00e9 lo\u010fa\u0159sk\u00e9 korporace Alexeje Rachmanova byly probl\u00e9my spojeny s dodavateli za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Kv\u016fli tomu bylo dokonce rozhodnuto postavit pro Tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo m\u00edsto Lad \u0161est ponorek jin\u00e9ho projektu \u2013 636.3.<\/div>\n
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Hlavn\u00ed ponorka Sankt-Pet\u011brburg\u00a0byla n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016fm odevzd\u00e1na teprve v roce 2010. Tato ponorka se stala v podstat\u011b zku\u0161ebnou \u2013 mnoho \u010dasu bylo t\u0159eba na jej\u00ed dopracov\u00e1n\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu provozu a na odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u201ed\u011btsk\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed\u201c. Lady jsou pom\u011brn\u011b kompaktn\u00ed ponorky, maj\u00ed v\u00fdtlak kolem 1 800 tun. Rychlost pod hladinou dosahuje a\u017e 21 uzl\u016f, pracovn\u00ed hloubka \u010din\u00ed 250 metr\u016f. Pos\u00e1dku tvo\u0159\u00ed 35 lid\u00ed, nez\u00e1vislost plavby je 45 dn\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed ponorka je vyzbrojena jen torp\u00e9dy a minami, dal\u0161\u00ed budou m\u00edt na palub\u011b rakety s plochou dr\u00e1hou letu Kalibr.<\/div>\n
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Nenahraditeln\u00e9 \u201eneviditeln\u00e9 ponorky\u201c<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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Podle hodnocen\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f Severn\u00ed lo\u010fstvo nyn\u00ed nal\u00e9hav\u011b pot\u0159ebuje dieselov\u00e9 ponorky. M\u00e1 zat\u00edm jen n\u011bkolik zastaral\u00fdch dieselelektrick\u00fdch ponorek projektu 877 Paltus, z\u00e1klad podvodn\u00edho lo\u010fstva ale tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 a strategick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 ponorky. Kv\u016fli tomu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u010dasto pou\u017eity v taktick\u00fdch operac\u00edch, m\u00edsto pln\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00fdch hlavn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f. Podle slov b\u00fdval\u00e9ho velitele lo\u010fstva admir\u00e1la Vja\u010deslava Popova je podobn\u00e1 nenorm\u00e1ln\u00ed situace n\u00e1sledkem krize z 90. let.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u201eV Severn\u00edm lo\u010fstvu byly dieselov\u00e9 ponorky v\u017edy pot\u0159ebn\u00e9,\u201c \u0159ekl v rozhovoru pro Sputnik. \u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd projekt m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 bojov\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed a nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nahrazen na sto procent n\u011bjak\u00fdm jin\u00fdm. Hlavn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem modern\u00edch dieselelektrick\u00fdch ponorek od jadern\u00fdch je jejich prakticky \u00fapln\u00e1 nehlu\u010dnost, velmi t\u011b\u017eko se daj\u00ed zachytit. Jejich hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je boj s nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi ponorkami,\u201c uvedl.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Admir\u00e1l vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee nedostatek podobn\u00fdch ponorek se nahrazuje jin\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky \u2013 letectvem, hladinov\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi a jadern\u00fdmi raketov\u00fdmi ponorkami. P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e do \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou vy\u0159e\u0161it jedna nebo dv\u011b dieselelektrick\u00e9 ponorky, se \u010dasto zapojuj\u00ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/div>\n
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\u201eSevern\u00ed lo\u010fstvo pot\u0159ebuje v\u0161echny typy hladinov\u00fdch lod\u00ed a ponorek \u2013 dieselelektrick\u00fdmi ponorkami po\u010d\u00ednaje a kon\u010de letadlov\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi,\u201c je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den Popov. \u201eKdy\u017e jsem velel lo\u010fstvu, m\u011bli jsme t\u0159i brig\u00e1dy dieselelektrick\u00fdch ponorek. \u010casem byly postupn\u011b odeps\u00e1ny a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada nebyla \u2013 bylo toti\u017e rozhodnuto posilovat dieselov\u00fdmi ponorkami \u010cernomo\u0159sk\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo. Asi z politick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f,\u201c dodal.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bod dotyku<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
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V letech studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky bylo\u00a0Severn\u00ed lo\u010fstvo\u00a0nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prvkem jadern\u00e9ho zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 jeho n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci dost\u00e1vali nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategick\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 ponorky a \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 hladinov\u00e9 lod\u011b.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Dnes se historie opakuje, Severn\u00edmu lo\u010fstvu byl ud\u011blen status samostatn\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho okruhu a v roce 2014 bylo na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u0159\u00edzeno Sjednocen\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 velen\u00ed. Dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed tam nejpokrokov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zbran\u011b a techniku. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci Severn\u00edho lo\u010fstva si osvojili jako prvn\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jadern\u00e9 ponorky projektu Borej a v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 ponorky Jase\u0148, hlubokou modernizac\u00ed proch\u00e1z\u00ed jadern\u00fd raketov\u00fd k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk Admir\u00e1l Nachimov, pak se bude modernizovat t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd jadern\u00fd raketov\u00fd k\u0159i\u017en\u00edk Petr Velikij.<\/div>\n
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Krom\u011b toho bylo lo\u010fstvu p\u0159id\u011bleno n\u011bkolik v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00fdch fregat projektu 22350 vyzbrojen\u00fdch ok\u0159\u00eddlen\u00fdmi raketami Kalibr a protilodn\u00edmi st\u0159elami Onyx. Nav\u00edc se na vlajkov\u00e9 lodi Admir\u00e1l Gor\u0161kov zkou\u0161\u00ed perspektivn\u00ed hypersonick\u00fd komplex Cirkon. V nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch realit\u00e1ch se Rusko prost\u011b neobejde bez mohutn\u00e9 ba\u0161ty na severu. K arktick\u00e9mu regionu je upout\u00e1na pozornost p\u0159edn\u00edch velmoc\u00ed \u2013 jsou tam soust\u0159ed\u011bny obrovsk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby u\u017eitkov\u00fdch nerost\u016f. Mnoh\u00e9 zem\u011b se sna\u017e\u00ed pos\u00edlit svou vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost v tomto regionu. Zaktivizovaly se mj. USA, kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed za sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed soupe\u0159e v Arktid\u011b Rusko a \u010c\u00ednu.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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V posledn\u00edch letech p\u0159esunuj\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 na sever zbran\u011b, na Alja\u0161ce se stav\u00ed radary, p\u0159esunuj\u00ed se tam des\u00edtky \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch st\u00edha\u010dek, Pentagon pl\u00e1nuje rozvinout v tomto regionu vojensk\u00e9 \u00fatvary nov\u00e9ho typu \u2013 v\u00edcedom\u00e9nov\u00e9 skupiny. Soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed se tam i jin\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 s\u00edly. V Norsku jsou nyn\u00ed dislokov\u00e1na letadla strategick\u00e9ho letectva USA a n\u011bkolik do\u010dasn\u011b pozastaven\u00fdch vojensko-n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch z\u00e1kladen nedaleko rusk\u00fdch hranic se pl\u00e1nuje znovu uv\u00e9st do provozu.<\/div>\n
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Nikolaj Protopopov<\/div>\n
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ZDROJ<\/a><\/div>\n
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Neobvykl\u00e1 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, nehlu\u010dnost, velk\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislost plavby a nestandardn\u00ed \u00fakoly \u2013 do roku 2027 bude…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1030,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,39,22,40,73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1029"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1029\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}