{"id":102866,"date":"2026-03-27T00:14:32","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T23:14:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=102866"},"modified":"2026-03-24T19:03:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T18:03:18","slug":"proc-cena-benzinu-nikdy-neklesa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/27\/proc-cena-benzinu-nikdy-neklesa\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d cena benz\u00ednu nikdy nekles\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 cena pohonn\u00fdch hmot ve Francii p\u0159ekro\u010dila\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>2 eura za litr<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Tento rekord je zp\u016fsoben prudce rostouc\u00ed cenou barelu ropy, co\u017e je d\u016fsledek\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>americko-izraelsko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho konfliktu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Ropa, ze kter\u00e9 se benz\u00edn vyr\u00e1b\u00ed, v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje jen mal\u00fd zlomek ceny, kterou plat\u00ed motorist\u00e9. Dan\u011b \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm spot\u0159ebn\u00ed dan\u011b z pohonn\u00fdch hmot a DPH \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu kone\u010dn\u00e9 ceny. A tyto dan\u011b se v posledn\u00edch 30 letech neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161uj\u00ed. Bez nich by se cena benz\u00ednu u \u010derpac\u00edch stanic pohybovala kolem 90 cent\u016f za litr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozklad cen benzinu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Pochopen\u00ed t\u00e9to ceny vy\u017eaduje zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed prvk\u016f:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. cenov\u00e1 struktura litru benzinu<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Evropsk\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy upravuj\u00edc\u00ed dan\u011b<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj cen ropy a cen \u010derpac\u00edch stanic<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ve Francii je pro orienta\u010dn\u00ed cenu\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>2 eura za litr<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0typick\u00e1 struktura n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \"\"Skute\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na palivo a distribuci<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0tedy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>0,90 \u20ac<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>dan\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>1,10 \u20ac<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Dan\u011b tedy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 55 a\u017e 60 % kone\u010dn\u00e9 ceny<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    Da\u0148 z dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159eby ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f (TIPP) byla vytvo\u0159ena v roce 1928 s c\u00edlem strukturovat rafin\u00e9rsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam nabyl po ropn\u00e9 krizi v roce 1973 a postupn\u011b se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il i na dal\u0161\u00ed energetick\u00e9 produkty, v\u010detn\u011b biopaliv.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Da\u0148, kter\u00e1 nyn\u00ed spad\u00e1 pod jurisdikci Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Od roku 2003 je zdan\u011bn\u00ed pohonn\u00fdch hmot regulov\u00e1no\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>evropskou sm\u011brnic\u00ed 2003\/96\/ES o zdan\u011bn\u00ed energie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 stanov\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b spot\u0159ebn\u00ed dan\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t si m\u016f\u017ee zvolit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zdan\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Evropsk\u00e1 minima:<\/span><\/h3>\n
    \n
    \"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

    To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 0,36 eura za litr benz\u00ednu a 0,33 eura za litr nafty. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, da\u0148 uplat\u0148ovan\u00e1 ve Francii je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,68 eura za litr. Francie tedy zda\u0148uje\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvojn\u00e1sobek evropsk\u00e9ho minima<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tato da\u0148, kter\u00e1 se stala zn\u00e1mou jako TICPE<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, se vyvinula z\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>dan\u011b ekonomick\u00e9 stabilizace<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0na\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1stroj environment\u00e1ln\u00ed politiky<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e od roku 2014 do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zes\u00edlen\u00ed, a to i p\u0159es do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00fapravy v reakci na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Da\u0148ov\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost: DPH uplatn\u011bn\u00e1 na da\u0148<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u010casto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm aspektem cen pohonn\u00fdch hmot je\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>DPH uplat\u0148ovan\u00e1 na spot\u0159ebn\u00ed da\u0148<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. V praxi:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. spot\u0159ebn\u00ed da\u0148 se p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 k cen\u011b pohonn\u00fdch hmot<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. DPH se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 z celkov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Tak\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>da\u0148 uplatn\u011bnou nad r\u00e1mec jin\u00e9 dan\u011b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0!<\/span><\/p>\n

      Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad i zde poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>evropsk\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o DPH 2006\/112\/ES<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Podle t\u00e9to sm\u011brnice mus\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdpo\u010det DPH zahrnovat: \u201edan\u011b, cla, d\u00e1vky a poplatky, s v\u00fdjimkou samotn\u00e9 DPH\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Kolik by st\u00e1l benz\u00edn bez DPH u spot\u0159ebn\u00ed dan\u011b?<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Pokud by Francie uplat\u0148ovala DPH pouze na ropn\u00e9 produkty, spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 by zaznamenali n\u00e1vrat cenov\u00e9 hladiny na \u00farovn\u011b p\u0159ed \u00edr\u00e1nskou kriz\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Cena p\u0159ed DPH: 0,90 + 0,68 = 1,58 \u20ac<\/span><\/p>\n

      Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed sazba DPH: 1,58 x 20 % = 0,316 \u20ac<\/span><\/p>\n

      Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed kone\u010dn\u00e1 cena: 1,58 + 0,316 \u2248 1,90 \u20ac<\/span><\/p>\n

      Pokud se DPH vztahuje pouze na palivo:<\/span><\/h3>\n

      DPH: 0,90 x 20 % = 0,18 \u20ac<\/span><\/p>\n

      Kone\u010dn\u00e1 cena: 0,90 + 0,68 + 0,18 = 1,76 \u20ac<\/span><\/p>\n

      Co kdybychom se dr\u017eeli evropsk\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b zdan\u011bn\u00ed?<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Cena v\u010detn\u011b minim\u00e1ln\u00ed spot\u0159ebn\u00ed dan\u011b (limitn\u00ed hodnota evropsk\u00e9 sm\u011brnice):<\/span><\/p>\n

      Cena p\u0159ed DPH: 0,90 + 0,36 = 1,26 \u20ac<\/span><\/p>\n

      DPH: 1,26 x 20 % = 0,252 \u20ac<\/span><\/p>\n

      Kone\u010dn\u00e1 cena: 1,26 + 0,252 \u2248 1,51 \u20ac<\/span><\/p>\n

      Vr\u00e1tili bychom se tak na \u00farovn\u011b z roku 2018\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>, kter\u00e9 spustily celon\u00e1rodn\u00ed protesty \u201e\u017elut\u00fdch vest\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

      Francie v sou\u010dasnosti pat\u0159\u00ed mezi evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi dan\u011bmi:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      \"\"Zm\u011bny dan\u00ed z ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f ve Francii<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

      Cena barelu ropy se\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>mezi lety 1998 a 2008<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila a pot\u00e9 po ur\u010dit\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch kriz\u00edch prudce klesla. Tyto poklesy cen se v\u0161ak v cen\u011b benzinu neprojevily, nebo se projevily jen minim\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
      \"\"Jej\u00ed v\u00fdvoj proto nekoreluje s cenou barelu ropy, ale s kombinac\u00ed ceny za barel a v\u00fd\u0161e dan\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny dan\u011b se i spot\u0159ebn\u00ed da\u0148 od sv\u00e9ho vzniku neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovala, \u010d\u00edm\u017e\u00a0 <\/span>mechanicky zvy\u0161ovala cenu u \u010derpac\u00edch stanic<\/span><\/a>\u00a0bez ohledu na cenu za barel. Jedinou v\u00fdjimkou bylo zaveden\u00ed plovouc\u00ed dan\u011b z pohonn\u00fdch hmot v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2000 z iniciativy Jospinovy \u200b\u200bvl\u00e1dy po st\u00e1vce \u0159idi\u010d\u016f kamion\u016f s c\u00edlem zm\u00edrnit r\u016fst cen pohonn\u00fdch hmot.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Byla zru\u0161ena v \u010dervenci 2022<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, proto\u017ee vl\u00e1da pot\u0159ebovala pen\u00edze.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>O jej\u00edm obnoven\u00ed se v roce 2018 mluvilo<\/span><\/a> \u00a0, ale (nyn\u00ed pevn\u011b zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1) environmentalistick\u00e1 ideologie v\u011bt\u0161iny se proti n\u00ed postavila.<\/span><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \"\"Proto\u017ee v roce 2014 byla do sazeb TICPE (dom\u00e1c\u00ed da\u0148 z ropn\u00fdch produkt\u016f) zahrnuta \u201euhl\u00edkov\u00e1 slo\u017eka\u201c vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e1 v eurech na tunu emitovan\u00e9ho CO\u00b2 a pot\u00e9 se postupn\u011b zvy\u0161ovala a\u017e do roku 2018, kdy dos\u00e1hla 10\u201312 cent\u016f na litr pr\u00e9miov\u00e9ho benzinu\/nafty. P\u016fvodn\u00ed rozpo\u010dtov\u00fd z\u00e1kon na rok 2018 po\u010d\u00edtal s postupn\u00fdm zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 slo\u017eky TICPE do roku 2022, ale od tohoto zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bylo na konci roku 2018 po hnut\u00ed \u201e\u017elut\u00fdch vest\u201c upu\u0161t\u011bno.<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

      Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed t\u00e9to dan\u011b se op\u011bt stalo nutnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee nadm\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9 ceny energi\u00ed vedou k cenov\u00e9 inflaci, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euj\u00ed spot\u0159ebu a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed recesi. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b maj\u00ed politickou odvahu (co\u017e je prost\u011b jen opodstatn\u011bnost),\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0160v\u00e9dsko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zem\u011b v pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f o \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. To ukazuje, \u017ee realismus m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkdy zv\u00edt\u011bzit nad ideologi\u00ed, ale\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>pot\u0159ebuje trochu pomoci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

      od\u00a0<\/span>Eliase Omirova<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Zdroj:\u00a0<\/span>Stratpol<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 cena pohonn\u00fdch hmot ve Francii p\u0159ekro\u010dila\u00a0\u00a02 eura za litr\u00a0. Tento rekord je zp\u016fsoben prudce…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":102867,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1257,1872],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102866"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102866"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102868,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102866\/revisions\/102868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/102867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}