{"id":102861,"date":"2026-03-27T00:12:32","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T23:12:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=102861"},"modified":"2026-03-24T18:49:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T17:49:08","slug":"125-let-podvodu-od-filipin-po-iran-stejny-americky-modus-operandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/27\/125-let-podvodu-od-filipin-po-iran-stejny-americky-modus-operandi\/","title":{"rendered":"125 let podvod\u016f: od Filip\u00edn po \u00cdr\u00e1n, stejn\u00fd americk\u00fd modus operandi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Jak USA v roce 1901 zajaly filip\u00ednsk\u00e9ho prezidenta \u2013 a pro\u010d tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na jejich sou\u010dasnou diplomacii s \u00cdr\u00e1nem, uv\u00e1d\u00ed Oleg Tsarov (\u00a0Telegram<\/a><\/em><\/span>\u00a0).\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

23. b\u0159ezna 1901: P\u0159ed sto dvaceti p\u011bti lety Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 zr\u00e1dn\u011b zajali Emilia Aguinalda, prezidenta prvn\u00ed filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 republiky. Tato epizoda je v na\u0161\u00ed zemi m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00e1, a\u010dkoli ji Mark Twain podrobn\u011b popsal.<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u2013 ale jeho novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 texty se bohu\u017eel \u010dte m\u00e1lo.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1898, na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161pan\u011blsko-americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, byly Filip\u00edny \u0161pan\u011blskou koloni\u00ed a v\u016fdce m\u00edstn\u00edho hnut\u00ed za nez\u00e1vislost Aguinaldo \u017eil v exilu v Hongkongu. Podle Twaina se Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 \u201e\u00a0<\/span>chovali k Filip\u00ednc\u016fm jako nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9. My sami jsme z exilu p\u0159ivezli zp\u011bt jejich v\u016fdce a hrdinu, jejich nad\u011bji, jejich Washingtona: Aguinalda. P\u0159ivezli jsme ho zp\u011bt do vlasti na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lodi, se v\u0161emi poctami, pod posv\u00e1tnou ochranou na\u0161\u00ed vlajky.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Filip\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed bojovn\u00edci rychle p\u0159evzali kontrolu nad v\u011bt\u0161inou ostrov\u016f a vyhl\u00e1sili nez\u00e1vislost na \u0160pan\u011blsku. Aguinaldo se stal v\u016fdcem nov\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Osm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po za\u010d\u00e1tku konfliktu v\u0161ak USA a \u0160pan\u011blsko podepsaly Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017eskou smlouvu: Madrid jednodu\u0161e prodal Filip\u00edny Washingtonu za dvacet milion\u016f dolar\u016f \u2013 jako by to byl majetek. Nikdo se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b s Filip\u00ednci neradil. Ti sam\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jim pom\u00e1hali bojovat proti \u0160pan\u011bl\u016fm, se nyn\u00ed stali okupanty. Odpor Filip\u00ednc\u016f v\u016f\u010di t\u011bmto nov\u00fdm \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt zu\u0159iv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jejich boj proti \u0160pan\u011bl\u016fm, ale s\u00edly byly nerovn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ameri\u010dan\u016fm trvalo dlouho, ne\u017e Aguinalda na\u0161li. Nakonec se jim to poda\u0159ilo d\u00edky zr\u00e1dc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed nav\u00e1zali kontakt s filip\u00ednsk\u00fdm v\u016fdcem. Aby prezidenta zajali, vybavili odd\u00edl slo\u017een\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z domorod\u00fdch obyvatel kmene nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho v\u016f\u010di Aguinaldovi, kter\u00fd se tak\u00e9 postavil na stranu americk\u00fdch okupant\u016f. Aguinaldo byl veden k domn\u011bnce, \u017ee k n\u011bmu jsou p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bni zajat\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e zb\u00fdvalo k jejich \u00fato\u010di\u0161ti v horsk\u00e9 d\u017eungli u\u017e jen asi patn\u00e1ct kilometr\u016f, odd\u00edl, vy\u010derpan\u00fd hladem, u\u017e nemohl postupovat. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci pot\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1dali Aguinalda, aby jim poslal j\u00eddlo. Ten tak u\u010dinil. Po j\u00eddle vstoupili do vesnice Palanan a zajali prezidenta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mark Twain napsal, \u017ee ve v\u00e1lce je podvod b\u011b\u017en\u00fd. \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Jeden detail je v\u0161ak zde skute\u010dn\u011b bezprecedentn\u00ed; \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1rod to nikdy neud\u011blal \u2013 ani primitivn\u00ed, ani civilizovan\u00fd \u2013 v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zemi ani v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dob\u011b\u2026 Kdy\u017e je \u010dlov\u011bk tak oslaben hladem, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt d\u00e1l, m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo prosit sv\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele, aby mu zachr\u00e1nil \u017eivot. Ale pokud ochutn\u00e1 j\u00eddlo, kter\u00e9 mu je nab\u00eddnuto, stane se pro n\u011bj toto j\u00eddlo posv\u00e1tn\u00fdm podle z\u00e1kon\u016f v\u0161ech dob a v\u0161ech n\u00e1rod\u016f, a ten, kdo byl zachr\u00e1n\u011bn p\u0159ed hladem, nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo vzty\u010dit ruku proti sv\u00e9mu nep\u0159\u00edteli. Bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed brig\u00e1dn\u00edho gener\u00e1la americk\u00fdch dobrovolnick\u00fdch vojsk, aby zneuctil tradici, kterou ct\u00ed i ti nejnestydat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejbezcitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed mni\u0161i<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed, \u017ee po sv\u00e9m zajet\u00ed Aguinaldo pod tlakem p\u0159\u00edsahal v\u011brnost USA, p\u0159ijal americk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed a ve\u0159ejn\u011b vyzval sv\u00e9 krajany, aby slo\u017eili zbran\u011b. V\u00e1lka v\u0161ak pokra\u010dovala je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik let.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA tehdy vl\u00e1dl prezident McKinley. Dnes, pod Trumpem \u2013 velk\u00fdm obdivovatelem on\u00e9 \u00e9ry americk\u00e9 velkoleposti \u2013 se historie opakuje: jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u00cdr\u00e1nem slou\u017e\u00ed jako diplomatick\u00e1 z\u00e1st\u011brka pro n\u00e1tlak a hrozby. Jen\u017ee p\u0159ed 125 lety bylo v\u0161echno je\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1ludn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: tehdy se uchylovali k chlebu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fausto Giudice<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jak USA v roce 1901 zajaly filip\u00ednsk\u00e9ho prezidenta \u2013 a pro\u010d tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":102862,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3986,239,2135,165,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102861"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102861"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102861\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/102862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}