{"id":102709,"date":"2026-03-24T00:19:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T23:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=102709"},"modified":"2026-03-23T11:46:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T10:46:40","slug":"mohamed-a-hussein-kolik-vody-v-perskem-zalivu-pochazi-z-odsolovacich-zarizeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/24\/mohamed-a-hussein-kolik-vody-v-perskem-zalivu-pochazi-z-odsolovacich-zarizeni\/","title":{"rendered":"Mohamed A. Hussein: Kolik vody v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z odsolovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Americko-izraelsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu odhalila zranitelnost kritick\u00e9 vodn\u00ed infrastruktury v regionu, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed k oblastem s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm nedostatkem vody na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed minul\u00fd t\u00fdden obvinil USA z \u00fatoku na odsolovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na ostrov\u011b Ke\u0161m u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu v Hormuzsk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00datok \u00fadajn\u011b naru\u0161il dod\u00e1vky vody do 30 vesnic. Pouh\u00fdch 24 hodin pot\u00e9 Bahrajn uvedl, \u017ee \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd dron zp\u016fsobil materi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kody na jednom z jeho odsolovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e Muharraqu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160est st\u00e1t\u016f Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu \u2013 Bahrajn, Kuvajt, Om\u00e1n, Katar, Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie a Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty \u2013 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi zem\u011b s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm nedostatkem vody na sv\u011bt\u011b a pro uspokojen\u00ed pot\u0159eb sv\u00e9 kombinovan\u00e9 populace v\u00edce ne\u017e 62 milion\u016f se siln\u011b spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdze Al Jazeera ukazuje, jak je region z\u00e1visl\u00fd na odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed, kolik vody se ro\u010dn\u011b vyprodukuje a jak funguj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 odsolovac\u00ed procesy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1liv nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 st\u00e1l\u00e9 \u0159eky<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

St\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu jsou pou\u0161t\u011b bez st\u00e1l\u00fdch \u0159ek. P\u0159esto\u017ee zde \u0159eky chyb\u00ed, nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se zde sez\u00f3nn\u00ed vodn\u00ed toky zvan\u00e9 v\u00e1d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed vodu b\u011bhem vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch de\u0161\u0165\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto zem\u011b se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na podzemn\u00ed vodu a odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby z\u00e1sobovaly vodou sv\u00e1 rychle rostouc\u00ed m\u011bsta, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 oblasti a zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mapa n\u00ed\u017ee zobrazuje hlavn\u00ed \u0159eky a vodn\u00ed toky v oblastech kolem z\u00e1livu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
(Al-D\u017eaz\u00edra)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

7,2 bilionu litr\u016f z odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

St\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu produkuj\u00ed asi 40 procent sv\u011btov\u00e9 odsolen\u00e9 vody a pod\u00e9l sv\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed provozuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 odsolovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prahov\u00e1 hodnota absolutn\u00edho nedostatku vody stanoven\u00e1 Organizac\u00ed spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f je 500 metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch na obyvatele za rok.<\/span><\/p>\n

S pr\u016fm\u011brnou z\u00e1sobou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed sladk\u00e9 vody pouh\u00fdch 120 metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch na obyvatele za rok jsou proto st\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby p\u0159eklenuly rozd\u00edl mezi nab\u00eddkou a popt\u00e1vkou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy Statistick\u00e9ho centra Rady pro spolupr\u00e1ci arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu (GCC) z roku 2023 vyprodukovalo \u0161est st\u00e1t\u016f Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu odsolov\u00e1n\u00edm 7,2 miliardy metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch, tj. p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b\u00a0<\/span>7 200 miliard litr\u016f,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0sladk\u00e9 vody. Tento objem odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 122 metr\u016fm krychlov\u00fdm na obyvatele za rok, tj. zhruba 334 litr\u016fm za den. Jejich celkov\u00e1 instalovan\u00e1 kapacita je v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a odhaduje se na 26,4 miliardy metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedna miliarda metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch odpov\u00edd\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>1 000 miliard\u00e1m litr\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed je Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie s 37 miliony obyvatel. V roce 2023 vyprodukovala t\u0159i miliardy metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch odsolen\u00e9 vody, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 Spojen\u00fdmi arabsk\u00fdmi emir\u00e1ty s 1,9 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch, Kuvajtem s 0,8 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch, Katarem s 0,7 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch, Om\u00e1nem s 0,5 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch a Bahrajnem s 0,3 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed je Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie s 37 miliony obyvatel. V roce 2023 vyprodukovala t\u0159i miliardy metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch odsolen\u00e9 vody, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e9 Spojen\u00fdmi arabsk\u00fdmi emir\u00e1ty s 1,9 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch, Kuvajtem s 0,8 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch, Katarem s 0,7 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch, Om\u00e1nem s 0,5 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch a Bahrajnem s 0,3 miliardami metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
(Al-D\u017eaz\u00edra)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Z\u00e1vislost st\u00e1t\u016f Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu na odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

N\u00edzk\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky, nedostatek st\u00e1l\u00fdch \u0159ek a vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sob podzemn\u00ed vody vedly k nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm sladk\u00e9 vody pro rychle rostouc\u00ed populaci st\u00e1t\u016f Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bez odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 udr\u017eet dod\u00e1vky pitn\u00e9 vody, stejn\u011b jako vody pro pr\u016fmysl a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Statistick\u00e9ho centra GCC o produkci a spot\u0159eb\u011b vody existuje v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1vislost odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed na celkov\u00fdch dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch vody:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Katar<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Katar, kter\u00fd 61 procent sv\u00e9 vodn\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti poch\u00e1z\u00ed z odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed, je nejv\u00edce z\u00e1visl\u00fdm st\u00e1tem Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 22 procent jeho celkov\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky vody o objemu 1,1 miliardy metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch poch\u00e1z\u00ed z podzemn\u00ed vody a 18 procent z de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vody. Pokud jde o pitnou vodu, je v\u0161ak Katar t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fd na odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 99 procent dod\u00e1vek pro jeho 3,2 milionu obyvatel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bahrajn<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bahrajn je druhou nejv\u00edce z\u00e1vislou zem\u00ed na odsolen\u00e9 vod\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 59 procent jej\u00ed vody poch\u00e1z\u00ed z odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed. Z celkov\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1soby vody 0,5 miliardy metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch je 59 procent odsoleno. U pitn\u00e9 vody toto \u010d\u00edslo stoup\u00e1 na v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 procent. Krom\u011b toho 32 procent vody\u00a0<\/span>v Kuvajtu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z podzemn\u00ed vody a 11 procent z de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vody.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e1sleduje Kuvajt, kde 47 procent z 1,7 miliardy krychlov\u00fdch metr\u016f vody spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco 51 procent poch\u00e1z\u00ed z podzemn\u00ed vody a zbytek z de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty maj\u00ed relativn\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd vodn\u00ed mix: 41 procent vody poch\u00e1z\u00ed z odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed a 46 procent z podzemn\u00ed vody, zat\u00edmco zbytek poch\u00e1z\u00ed z de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vody a vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody. To celkem p\u0159edstavuje 4,8 miliardy metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u011b pro 11,5 milionu obyvatel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Om\u00e1n<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Om\u00e1n produkuje 23 procent sv\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1soby vody o objemu 2,2 miliardy metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch odsolov\u00e1n\u00edm pro sv\u00fdch 4,7 milionu obyvatel. 69 procent poch\u00e1z\u00ed z podzemn\u00ed vody, zbytek z de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vody a vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie produkuje v\u00edce odsolen\u00e9 vody ne\u017e kter\u00e1koli jin\u00e1 zem\u011b, p\u0159esto se na odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed spol\u00e9h\u00e1 pouze z 18 procent sv\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 spot\u0159eby. M\u00edsto toho pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 79 procent sv\u00e9 vodn\u00ed pot\u0159eby z podzemn\u00ed vody, zat\u00edmco zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 17,3 miliardy metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak funguje odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed je proces odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed soli a miner\u00e1l\u016f z mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody, aby byla vhodn\u00e1 pro lidsk\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed a zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. To se prov\u00e1d\u00ed hlavn\u011b pomoc\u00ed term\u00e1ln\u00ed destilace nebo reverzn\u00ed osm\u00f3zy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
(Al-D\u017eaz\u00edra)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Historicky byl jedin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak odsolit vodu, jej\u00ed var a kondenzace p\u00e1ry za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed sladk\u00e9 vody \u2013 p\u0159esn\u011b tak funguje termick\u00e1 destilace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda se \u010derp\u00e1 do odsolovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Tam filtry nejprve odstran\u00ed p\u00edsek, \u0159asy a dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice, ne\u017e se voda zah\u0159eje, dokud se nem\u011bn\u00ed na p\u00e1ru, zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 po sob\u011b s\u016fl a miner\u00e1ly. P\u00e1ra se pot\u00e9 ochlad\u00ed a kondenzuje na \u010distou destilovanou vodu. Pot\u00e9 se p\u0159idaj\u00ed miner\u00e1ly a voda se dezinfikuje, aby byla pitn\u00e1. Nakonec se \u010derp\u00e1 do m\u011bstsk\u00fdch vodovodn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f nebo se pln\u00ed do lahv\u00ed pro dom\u00e1cnosti, firmy a pr\u016fmysl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reverzn\u00ed osm\u00f3za na druhou stranu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vysokotlak\u00e1 \u010derpadla k protla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody p\u0159es polopropustnou membr\u00e1nu, kter\u00e1 zadr\u017euje s\u016fl a miner\u00e1ly a z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017e\u0148uje pr\u016fchod molekul vody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato metoda se etablovala jako popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed forma odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee je v\u00fdrazn\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b energie a nezp\u016fsobuje tepeln\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00edm hork\u00e9 vody do mo\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Americko-izraelsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu odhalila zranitelnost kritick\u00e9 vodn\u00ed infrastruktury v regionu, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed k oblastem…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":102710,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,4358,1106],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102709"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102709"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102709\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/102710"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}