{"id":102669,"date":"2026-03-23T05:21:57","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T04:21:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=102669"},"modified":"2026-03-23T05:21:57","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T04:21:57","slug":"ropa-plyn-a-valky-kaspicke-more-na-krizovatce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/23\/ropa-plyn-a-valky-kaspicke-more-na-krizovatce\/","title":{"rendered":"Ropa, plyn a v\u00e1lky: Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e na k\u0159i\u017eovatce"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e, kdysi izolovan\u00fd a zapomenut\u00fd region, se stalo h\u0159i\u0161t\u011bm pro velk\u00e9 a region\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti, kde potrub\u00ed kresl\u00ed neviditeln\u00e9 frontov\u00e9 linie na vod\u011b i sou\u0161i. St\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed se zde ropa, plyn a ambice a prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed tyto klidn\u00e9 vody ve skute\u010dn\u00fd sud s prachem.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e po stalet\u00ed zauj\u00edmalo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed m\u00edsto. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 poloze na okraji Evropy bylo dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1no za klidnou pohrani\u010dn\u00ed oblast, kde se prakticky nic d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho ned\u011blo. To se ale m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Technicky vzato, jak jist\u011b poznamenaj\u00ed i ti nejpiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161kol\u00e1ci, Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e nen\u00ed mo\u0159e, ale jezero. To nen\u00ed jen \u201ez\u00e1bavn\u00fd fakt\u201c, ale m\u00e1 to i pr\u00e1vn\u00ed d\u016fsledky. Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na plo\u0161e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 371 000 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vnitrozemskou vodn\u00ed plochou na planet\u011b, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u011bt severoamerick\u00fdch Velk\u00fdch jezer dohromady. Jeho poloha ho stav\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatku n\u011bkolika sv\u011bt\u016f: euroasijsk\u00e9 stepi na severu, Kavkazu na z\u00e1pad\u011b, St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie na v\u00fdchod\u011b a \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161iny na jihu. Strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam p\u00e1nve v\u0161ak p\u0159esahuje pouze jej\u00ed geografii. Dnes spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v obrovsk\u00fdch z\u00e1sob\u00e1ch uhlovod\u00edk\u016f uhlouben\u00fdch v jej\u00edm mo\u0159sk\u00e9m dn\u011b a pod\u00e9l jej\u00edch b\u0159eh\u016f, a tak\u00e9 v dopravn\u00edch koridorech, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed region s glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi trhy.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u011bt st\u00e1t\u016f le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch na Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i \u2013 Rusko, \u00cdr\u00e1n, Kazachst\u00e1n, Turkmenist\u00e1n a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n \u2013 spole\u010dn\u011b kontroluje jednu z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch koncentrac\u00ed zdroj\u016f ropy a plynu mimo Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod. Prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 a pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby t\u00e9to p\u00e1nve se odhaduj\u00ed na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 48 a\u017e 50 miliard barel\u016f ropy a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 8 a\u017e 8,5 bilionu metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch zemn\u00edho plynu. I kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o zna\u010dn\u00fd objem v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, nen\u00ed to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, Venezuela, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00e1soby ropy na sv\u011bt\u011b, dr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159es 300 miliard barel\u016f. Samotn\u00e9 Rusko vlastn\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 a\u017e 100 miliard barel\u016f prok\u00e1zan\u00fdch z\u00e1sob ropy a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1soby zemn\u00edho plynu na sv\u011bt\u011b, odhadovan\u00e9 na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 48 bilion\u016f metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch. Kaspick\u00e1 p\u00e1nev proto nekonkuruje Persk\u00e9mu z\u00e1livu, pokud jde o hojnost p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, ale jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam v posledn\u00edch letech vzrostl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v regionu sah\u00e1 a\u017e do 16. stolet\u00ed. Kdy\u017e Ivan IV. v roce 1556 dobyl Astracha\u0148sk\u00fd chan\u00e1t, Moskva z\u00edskala kontrolu nad doln\u00edm toku \u0159eky Volhy a p\u0159\u00edstup ke Kaspick\u00e9mu mo\u0159i. Od t\u00e9 doby se tato kotlina stala branou mezi rusk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem a Persi\u00ed. B\u011bhem 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed s\u00e9rie rusko-persk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek postupn\u011b zm\u011bnila rovnov\u00e1hu sil na Kavkaze. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed Rusko z\u00edskalo kontrolu nad velk\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi regionu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm smluv, jako byla Gulistansk\u00e1 smlouva (1813) a Turkmen\u010dajsk\u00e1 smlouva (1828), kter\u00e9 formalizovaly \u00fapadek persk\u00e9ho vlivu severn\u011b od \u0159eky Aras. Severn\u00ed Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e bylo tak za\u010dlen\u011bno do Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e, zat\u00edmco ji\u017en\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed z\u016fstalo pod perskou vl\u00e1dou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po v\u011bt\u0161inu 20. stolet\u00ed Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e v podstat\u011b fungovalo jako sov\u011btsko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jezero, bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed prostor sd\u00edlen\u00fd Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem a \u00cdr\u00e1nem. Dohody podepsan\u00e9 v roce 1921 (rusko-persk\u00e1 smlouva o p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed) a 1940 (smlouva o obchodu a plavb\u011b) upravovaly plavebn\u00ed a rybolovn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Ot\u00e1zku pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch zdroj\u016f v\u0161ak do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry nevy\u0159e\u0161ily.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e1 ropn\u00e1 pole se stala p\u0159edm\u011btem legend<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a pozd\u011bji po nich tou\u017eilo i nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko, ale za hranicemi Baku z\u016fst\u00e1val pr\u016fzkum uhlovod\u00edk\u016f v Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i omezen\u00fd. Pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu statusu mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna se v\u011bnovala mal\u00e1 pozornost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato situace\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>se n\u00e1hle zm\u011bnila po rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu v roce 1991.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e se n\u00e1hle objevily t\u0159i nov\u00e9 st\u00e1ty \u2013 Kazachst\u00e1n, \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n a Turkmenist\u00e1n \u2013 z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd si n\u00e1rokoval jurisdikci nad nov\u011b objeven\u00fdmi energetick\u00fdmi lo\u017eisky na mo\u0159i, kter\u00e1 nikdy nebyla jasn\u011b vymezena. Ot\u00e1zka vymezen\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna se rychle stala jedn\u00edm z nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch spor\u016f v postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 Eurasii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed formovaly dva protich\u016fdn\u00e9 principy. \u00cdr\u00e1n a Rusko up\u0159ednost\u0148ovaly model kondominia, podle kter\u00e9ho by mo\u0159e spravovaly spole\u010dn\u011b v\u0161echny pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed st\u00e1ty. Takov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed by omezilo jednostrann\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ropn\u00fdch a plynov\u00fdch pol\u00ed na mo\u0159i. \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, Kazachst\u00e1n a Turkmenist\u00e1n naopak tvrdily, \u017ee mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno by m\u011blo b\u00fdt rozd\u011bleno do n\u00e1rodn\u00edch sektor\u016f pod\u00e9l upraven\u00fdch st\u0159edn\u00edch lini\u00ed, co\u017e by ka\u017ed\u00e9 zemi umo\u017enilo nez\u00e1visle vyu\u017e\u00edvat jej\u00ed zdroje. Postoj Ruska se postupn\u011b vyv\u00edjel a v roce 1996 souhlasilo s vytvo\u0159en\u00edm jurisdik\u010dn\u00edch z\u00f3n o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce 45 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch mil pro ka\u017ed\u00fd pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed st\u00e1t a uznalo pr\u00e1va na t\u011b\u017ebu ropy v oblastech v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1rodn\u00edho sektoru ka\u017ed\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch pr\u00e1v byla definitivn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161ena v roce 2018 podpisem \u00damluvy\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>o pr\u00e1vn\u00edm statusu Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0v kaza\u0161sk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Aktau po dvaadvaceti letech jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00edce ne\u017e pades\u00e1ti sch\u016fzk\u00e1ch mezi zem\u011bmi: \u201eSuverenita ka\u017ed\u00e9 strany se roz\u0161i\u0159uje za hranice jej\u00edho pevninsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed a vnit\u0159n\u00edch vod na p\u0159ilehl\u00fd n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u00e1s zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u0159e, jako\u017e i na jeho mo\u0159sk\u00e9 dno a podlo\u017e\u00ed a na vzdu\u0161n\u00fd prostor nad n\u00edm.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed se t\u00fdkalo i bezpe\u010dnosti. Vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly operuj\u00edc\u00ed v povod\u00ed jsou omezeny na p\u011bt p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, co\u017e fakticky vylu\u010duje vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed mocnosti a br\u00e1n\u00ed tomu, aby se Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e stalo ar\u00e9nou pro p\u0159\u00edmou konkurenci mezi NATO a Ruskem. Turecko v\u0161ak tuto dohodu zpochybnilo. Tureck\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vojensk\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce s kaspick\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u2013 \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem, Kazachst\u00e1nem a Turkmenist\u00e1nem, kter\u00e9 Turecko pova\u017euje za sou\u010d\u00e1st \u201eturkick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c \u2013 zahrnovala podporu rozvoje a modernizace jejich n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch sil, v\u010detn\u011b stavby lod\u00ed a v\u00fdcviku. To bylo interpretov\u00e1no jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed tureck\u00e9 strategie na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vlivu v architektu\u0159e n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti regionu a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed rusk\u00e9 dominance. Turecko povzbuzovalo a pom\u00e1halo turkicky mluv\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm v posilov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva a tato rostouc\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce byla pops\u00e1na jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k posunu v region\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed rovnov\u00e1ze. V listopadu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku v\u0161ak p\u011bt kaspick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>podepsalo dohodu,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0kter\u00e1 odm\u00edt\u00e1 jakoukoli zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vojenskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost v Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i a zavazuje strany k pos\u00edlen\u00ed jejich n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zbohatl\u00edci<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ekonomick\u00e1 transformace regionu se zrychlila, kdy\u017e v 90. a 2000. letech za\u010dala t\u011b\u017eba velk\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch pol\u00ed na mo\u0159i. Kazachst\u00e1n se stal nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm producentem ropy v p\u00e1nvi, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkce ropy se bl\u00ed\u017eila 1,8 a\u017e 1,9 milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b. V\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to produkce tvo\u0159\u00ed dv\u011b obrovsk\u00e1 pole. Pole Tengiz, provozovan\u00e9 konsorciem Tengizchevroil\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>veden\u00fdm spole\u010dnost\u00ed Chevron<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0s partnery, jako jsou ExxonMobil a KazMunayGas, obsahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u0161est a\u017e dev\u011bt miliard barel\u016f t\u011b\u017eiteln\u00e9 ropy (co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed \u0161est\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ropn\u00e9 pole na sv\u011bt\u011b) a produkuje kolem 600 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b. Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed pole Ka\u0161agan, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, je geologicky je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Ka\u0161agan, provozovan\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm konsorciem zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edm spole\u010dnosti Eni, TotalEnergies, Shell a \u010c\u00ednskou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ropnou korporaci, p\u0159edstavuje jeden z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch objev\u016f ropy na sv\u011bt\u011b od 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed s t\u011b\u017eiteln\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami odhadovan\u00fdmi na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159in\u00e1ct miliard barel\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fd pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed sektor sehr\u00e1l tak\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli v postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 transformaci energetick\u00e9 krajiny Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Komplex \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n-\u010cirag-Guna\u0161li, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 120 km od \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, provozuje \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed ropn\u00e1 spole\u010dnost SOCAR a BP a tvo\u0159\u00ed j\u00e1dro ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu zem\u011b. Od zah\u00e1jen\u00ed produkce na konci 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed tento komplex vyprodukoval miliardy barel\u016f ropy a na sv\u00e9m vrcholu produkoval p\u0159es 800 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b. V Evrop\u011b je \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n tak\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdvozcem zemn\u00edho plynu z Kaspick\u00e9 p\u00e1nve d\u00edky masivn\u00edmu nalezi\u0161ti Shah Deniz. S odhadovan\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami kolem 1,2 bilionu metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch tvo\u0159\u00ed Shah Deniz z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu pro s\u00ed\u0165 plynovod\u016f, kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo spojuje Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e s evropsk\u00fdmi trhy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naopak p\u0159irozen\u00fdm exportn\u00edm trhem Turkmenist\u00e1nu je \u010c\u00edna. Zem\u011b disponuje prok\u00e1zan\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami plynu odhadovan\u00fdmi na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 11 a\u017e 13 bilion\u016f metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch, co\u017e je jedna z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sob na sv\u011bt\u011b.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Pole Galkyny\u0161 a jeho satelitn\u00ed pole by mohla obsahovat v\u00edce ne\u017e 27 bilion\u016f metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch plynu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, co\u017e ho \u0159ad\u00ed mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed plynov\u00e1 pole, kter\u00e1 kdy byla objevena. Geografick\u00e1 poloha Turkmenist\u00e1nu \u2013 vnitrozemsk\u00fd st\u00e1t a odd\u011blen\u00fd od hlavn\u00edch trh\u016f obrovsk\u00fdmi vzd\u00e1lenostmi \u2013 historicky omezovala jeho exportn\u00ed mo\u017enosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od st\u00e1t\u016f Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu produkuj\u00edc\u00edch ropu nem\u00e1 Kaspick\u00e1 p\u00e1nev p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k oce\u00e1n\u016fm. Uhlovod\u00edky t\u011b\u017een\u00e9 z regionu proto mus\u00ed p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch trh\u016f proch\u00e1zet dlouh\u00fdmi s\u00edt\u011bmi ropovod\u016f, kter\u00e9 proch\u00e1zej\u00ed politicky citliv\u00fdmi \u00fazem\u00edmi. V t\u00e9to souvislosti ropovody p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u00fdt pouhou infrastrukturou: st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se surovinou geopolitiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Infrastruktura a trhy<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ropovod Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, kter\u00fd se t\u00e1hne t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 800 kilometr\u016f z \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu do Ceyhanu, tureck\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu na St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159es Gruzii, m\u00e1 kapacitu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jeden milion barel\u016f denn\u011b. Jeho strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee obch\u00e1z\u00ed Rusko i \u00cdr\u00e1n, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje rop\u011b z Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e dostat se na sv\u011btov\u00e9 trhy, ani\u017e by musela proch\u00e1zet \u00fazem\u00edm kter\u00e9koli z t\u011bchto zem\u00ed. Ropovod byl\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2000\u00a0<\/span>podporov\u00e1n Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho \u00fasil\u00ed o diverzifikaci tras dod\u00e1vek energie z b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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\"\"Hlavn\u00ed exportn\u00ed trasa Kazachst\u00e1nu v\u0161ak vede p\u0159es Rusko.\u00a0 <\/span>Kaspick\u00fd plynovod<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0spojuje ropn\u00e1 pole v z\u00e1padn\u00edm Kazachst\u00e1nu s rusk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstavem Novorossijsk na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed \u010cern\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. S kapacitou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,4 milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b p\u0159epravuje v\u011bt\u0161inu kaza\u0161sk\u00e9ho exportu ropy. A\u010dkoli je plynovod provozov\u00e1n mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm konsorciem, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje z\u00e1padn\u00ed ropn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, rusk\u00fd provozovatel Transn\u011bf\u0165 dr\u017e\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd pod\u00edl, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee Moskva si udr\u017euje vliv nad hlavn\u00edm exportn\u00edm koridorem regionu.<\/span><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Export zemn\u00edho plynu z Kaspick\u00e9 p\u00e1nve se st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v hled\u00e1n\u00ed diverzifikovan\u00fdch dodavatel\u016f energie v Evrop\u011b. \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fd plyn se na evropsk\u00e9 trhy dost\u00e1v\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Ji\u017en\u00edho plynov\u00e9ho koridoru, dokon\u010den\u00e9ho v roce 2020, co\u017e je s\u00ed\u0165 plynovod\u016f zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Jihokavkazsk\u00fd plynovod, Transanatolsk\u00fd plynovod (TANAP) a Transjadransk\u00fd plynovod. S\u00ed\u0165 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159epravuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 16 miliard metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch plynu ro\u010dn\u011b, z \u010deho\u017e asi 10 miliard metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch je ur\u010deno pro Evropskou unii a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 miliard metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch pro Turecko. Samotn\u00fd TANAP m\u00e1 kapacitu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 16 miliard metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u011b a roz\u0161i\u0159ovac\u00ed projekty by mohly v budoucnu v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it jeho produkci.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00edky s\u00edti plynovod\u016f mezi St\u0159edn\u00ed Asi\u00ed a \u010c\u00ednou proud\u00ed turkmensk\u00fd plyn na v\u00fdchod p\u0159es Uzbekist\u00e1n a Kazachst\u00e1n do z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010c\u00edny. S\u00ed\u0165 m\u00e1 nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacitu p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed pades\u00e1t miliard metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory existenci t\u011bchto plynovod\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jeden ze strategicky nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f v regionu hypotetick\u00fd.\u00a0 Projekt\u00a0<\/span>Transkaspick\u00e9ho plynovodu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0by propojil turkmensk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby plynu s \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nskou exportn\u00ed infrastrukturou p\u0159es dno Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Teoreticky by takov\u00fd plynovod mohl p\u0159epravovat a\u017e 30 miliard krychlov\u00fdch metr\u016f plynu ro\u010dn\u011b do Evropy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Ji\u017en\u00edho plynov\u00e9ho koridoru. A\u010dkoli\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Kaspick\u00e1 dohoda z roku 2018<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0odstranila n\u011bkter\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky t\u00edm, \u017ee umo\u017enila v\u00fdstavbu plynovodu pouze se souhlasem p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, projekt nad\u00e1le \u010del\u00ed politick\u00e9mu odporu Ruska a \u00cdr\u00e1nu, kter\u00e9 jej vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozbu pro sv\u016fj vliv.<\/span><\/p>\n

Energetick\u00e1 infrastruktura je pouze jedn\u00edm rozm\u011brem strategick\u00e9 transformace Kaspick\u00e9 p\u00e1nve. P\u00e1nev se tak\u00e9 st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm uzlem euroasijsk\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed spojuj\u00edc\u00edch Evropu, Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod a Asii. Jednou z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch iniciativ je\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Transkaspick\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed trasa<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako \u201eCentr\u00e1ln\u00ed koridor\u201c. Tento syst\u00e9m spojuje z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010c\u00ednu s Evropou p\u0159es Kazachst\u00e1n, Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e, \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, Gruzii a Turecko. Objemy n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy na t\u00e9to trase se od roku 2022 zna\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily, jeliko\u017e sankce a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b naru\u0161ily tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trat\u011b k\u0159i\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed rusk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cesta do Indie<\/span><\/h3>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>severoji\u017en\u00ed dopravn\u00ed koridor<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0(INSTC) je multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 o d\u00e9lce p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7 200 km, kter\u00e1 spojuje Indii, \u00cdr\u00e1n a Rusko po mo\u0159i, \u017eeleznici a silnici a spojuje Bombaj s Moskvou a severn\u00ed Eurasi\u00ed. Je navr\u017eena tak, aby zkr\u00e1tila p\u0159epravn\u00ed dobu a n\u00e1klady ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi trasami p\u0159es Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav. Byla spu\u0161t\u011bna Indi\u00ed, \u00cdr\u00e1nem a Ruskem v roce 2000 a od t\u00e9 doby byla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena o n\u011bkolik sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed; n\u00e1kladn\u00ed doprava v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 po dopl\u0148kov\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch a pozemn\u00edch \u00fasec\u00edch nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Kaspickou p\u00e1nv\u00ed a St\u0159edn\u00ed Asi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech obchod p\u0159es tento koridor prudce roste. Podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed se objem zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159epravovan\u00e9ho mezi Indi\u00ed a Ruskem prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm INSTC v roce 2024 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdvojn\u00e1sobil, proto\u017ee ob\u011b strany zv\u00fd\u0161ily sv\u016fj export a zlep\u0161ily logistiku. \u010cist\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na dopravu na n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch \u00fadajn\u011b prudce klesly a zv\u00fd\u0161ila se kontejnerov\u00e1 doprava a po\u010det zast\u00e1vek lod\u00ed. Indick\u00fd export p\u0159es tento koridor zahrnuje stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, od\u011bvy, r\u00fd\u017ei a plasty, zat\u00edmco Rusko p\u0159epravuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pap\u00edrensk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, d\u0159evo a r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 a potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed. Celkov\u011b dos\u00e1hl bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod v roce 2024 rekordn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, jeliko\u017e Indie se sna\u017e\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt t\u00e9to konektivity ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obchodn\u00edho deficitu s Ruskem a diverzifikaci sv\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch tok\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Praktick\u00fd v\u00fdznam koridoru spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee nab\u00edz\u00ed alternativu k del\u0161\u00edm p\u0159epravn\u00edm tras\u00e1m: provozovatel\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee dodac\u00ed lh\u016fty mezi hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstavy pod\u00e9l INSTC mohou b\u00fdt v\u00fdrazn\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159es Suez a vylep\u0161en\u00ed infrastruktury \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f na Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i a nov\u00fdch \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch spojen\u00ed p\u0159es \u00cdr\u00e1n \u2013 si kladou za c\u00edl zv\u00fd\u0161it kapacitu a spolehlivost. Zat\u00edmco v\u00fdvoz energie se i nad\u00e1le spol\u00e9h\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na konven\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed trasy, INSTC se pozicionuje jako strategick\u00e9 logistick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed pro \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lu pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f a jeho neust\u00e1l\u00fd rozvoj formuje jeho roli v rusko-indick\u00e9m obchodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Slo\u017eit\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha sil<\/span><\/h3>\n

Rovnov\u00e1ha sil v Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fdmi regiony relativn\u011b m\u00edrn\u00e1, ale strategick\u00e1 konkurence se zost\u0159uje. Rusko je ji\u017e dlouho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed silou v t\u00e9to oblasti d\u00edky sv\u00e9 Kaspick\u00e9 flotile se s\u00eddlem v Astrachani a Kaspijsku. Flotila demonstrovala sv\u016fj opera\u010dn\u00ed dosah v roce 2015, kdy\u00a0 rusk\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b\u00a0\u00a0poprv\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>odp\u00e1lily z Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 st\u0159ely Kalibr na c\u00edle v S\u00fdrii. N\u00e1sledn\u011b byly z Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e provedeny \u010detn\u00e9 \u00fadery proti Ukrajin\u011b.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Ostatn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed st\u00e1ty pos\u00edlily sv\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed kapacity p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany energetick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na mo\u0159i a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch tras. V lednu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku se v\u0161ak\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>ter\u010dem ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0staly rusk\u00e9 ropn\u00e9 plo\u0161iny v Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i .<\/span><\/p>\n

Geopolitika Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jen ot\u00e1zkou hrub\u00e9 moci. Vztahy mezi Ruskem a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem ilustruj\u00ed prom\u011bnlivou povahu politiky v regionu. Tyto vztahy byly kdysi zalo\u017eeny sp\u00ed\u0161e na pragmatismu, logistice a tranzitn\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e ne\u017e na ideologick\u00e9m sjednocen\u00ed. \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n zauj\u00edm\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v rozvoji severoji\u017en\u00edho dopravn\u00edho koridoru spojuj\u00edc\u00edho Rusko s \u00cdr\u00e1nem a Persk\u00fdm z\u00e1livem. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 rostouc\u00ed integrace Baku s Tureckem a jeho role dodavatele zemn\u00edho plynu do Evropy oslabily tradi\u010dn\u00ed rusk\u00fd vliv na ji\u017en\u00edm Kavkaze.<\/span><\/p>\n

V prosinci 2024 bylo pobl\u00ed\u017e Grozn\u00e9ho ruskou protivzdu\u0161nou obranou omylem sest\u0159eleno osobn\u00ed letadlo \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fdch aerolini\u00ed; a\u010dkoli se po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu letadlu poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout bl\u00edzkosti Aktau na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, jeho nouzov\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed se nezda\u0159ilo a p\u0159i hav\u00e1rii zem\u0159elo 38 lid\u00ed. Tato ud\u00e1lost okam\u017eit\u011b spustila nejv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krizi ve vztaz\u00edch mezi Ruskem a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed. \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezident Ilham Alijev ve\u0159ejn\u011b obvinil Moskvu z odpov\u011bdnosti a z \u00famysln\u00e9ho kalen\u00ed vody. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch Baku uzav\u0159elo rusk\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed instituce a zaujalo st\u00e1le konfronta\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed diplomatick\u00fd t\u00f3n. Situace se d\u00e1le zhor\u0161ila v roce 2025, kdy se rusk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159ily na etnick\u00e9 \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nce. \u00damrt\u00ed zadr\u017een\u00fdch ve vazb\u011b vyvolalo odvetn\u00e9 razie \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f proti rusk\u00fdm st\u00e1tn\u00edm struktur\u00e1m v Baku. \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n se posunul od opatrn\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy k otev\u0159en\u00e9mu vzdoru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konfrontace se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zala jako kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1: v \u0159\u00edjnu 2025 vedlo p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed Vladimira Putina a Ilhama Alijeva k ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed deeskalaci, kdy Moskva uznala svou odpov\u011bdnost za leteck\u00fd incident a nab\u00eddla kompenzaci, zat\u00edmco ob\u011b strany ti\u0161e zru\u0161ily sv\u00e1 odvetn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Krize sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e k roztr\u017ece vedla k pragmatick\u00e9mu resetu: z\u00e1kladn\u00ed strategick\u00e9 vazby byly z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zachov\u00e1ny i na vrcholu nap\u011bt\u00ed, co\u017e signalizovalo vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 limity eskalace. Po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 2026 se vztahy stabilizovaly na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale funk\u010dn\u00ed \u00farovni, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e nebyla zalo\u017eena na d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e, ale na kontrolovan\u00e9 koexistenci a akceptovan\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ochota Baku konfrontovat Moskvu a pot\u00e9 obnovit pracovn\u00ed vztahy podtrhla jeho rostouc\u00ed strategickou autonomii \u2013 autonomii, kterou \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n prosazuje i ve sv\u00e9m slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a struktur\u00e1ln\u011b konfliktn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vztahu s \u00cdr\u00e1nem. Nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem a \u00cdr\u00e1nem pramen\u00ed z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z historick\u00fdch spor\u016f a v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b i z protich\u016fdn\u00fdch viz\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edho propojen\u00ed. \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n a Turecko podporuj\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>pozemn\u00ed trasy p\u0159es ji\u017en\u00ed Arm\u00e9nii, kter\u00e1 by spojila pevninskou \u010d\u00e1st \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu s enkl\u00e1vou Nachi\u010devan<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0a zasahovala do Turecka. \u00cdr\u00e1n se tomuto projektu stav\u00ed proti, proto\u017ee by mohl sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdznam zem\u011b jako tranzitn\u00edho koridoru mezi Kavkazem a Bl\u00edzk\u00fdm v\u00fdchodem. Navzdory politick\u00fdm t\u0159enic\u00edm p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce v n\u011bkolika konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch oblastech, v\u010detn\u011b dopravn\u00edch projekt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch se severoji\u017en\u00edm koridorem. Alespo\u0148 to trvalo a\u017e do posledn\u00ed v\u00e1lky s \u00cdr\u00e1nem, kdy se \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n stal ter\u010dem odvetn\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f \u00cdr\u00e1nu za jeho podporu Izraele.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 % izraelsk\u00e9 ropy poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tureck\u00fd faktor<\/span><\/h3>\n

Vztahy mezi Ruskem a \u00cdr\u00e1nem se v posledn\u00edch letech zna\u010dn\u011b pos\u00edlily, jeliko\u017e ob\u011b zem\u011b \u010del\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm z\u00e1padn\u00edm sankc\u00edm. Moskva a Teher\u00e1n si vytvo\u0159ily pragmatick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na obchod s energi\u00ed, vojensk\u00e9 technologie a dopravn\u00ed infrastrukturu. Toto partnerstv\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u0161ak i sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem v regionu je Turecko. Navzdory \u010detn\u00fdm rozd\u00edl\u016fm se mu poda\u0159ilo udr\u017eovat pragmatick\u00e9 vztahy s \u00cdr\u00e1nem i Ruskem. A\u010dkoli zem\u011b nem\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed u Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, stala se jedn\u00edm z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch extern\u00edch akt\u00e9r\u016f v regionu. Ankara pova\u017euje \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n za strategick\u00e9ho partnera a sna\u017e\u00ed se etablovat jako z\u00e1padn\u00ed br\u00e1na pro kaspick\u00e9 uhlovod\u00edky. \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00fd plyn se do Evropy dost\u00e1v\u00e1 Transanatolsk\u00fdm plynovodem, kter\u00fd prot\u00edn\u00e1 tureck\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed a pot\u00e9 se napojuje na Transjadransk\u00fd plynovod. Objemy p\u0159epravovan\u00e9 t\u00edmto koridorem v\u0161ak prozat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed skromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200bve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s toky plynu, kter\u00e9 Rusko kdysi dod\u00e1valo do Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e se tak stalo strategickou \u0161achovnic\u00ed. \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, Kazachst\u00e1n a Turkmenist\u00e1n se propl\u00e9taj\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed a \u017eongluj\u00ed s rusk\u00fdmi, \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi, tureck\u00fdmi, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi a evropsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy, zat\u00edmco \u00cdr\u00e1n a Rusko prosazuj\u00ed svou trvalou p\u0159\u00edtomnost prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm partnerstv\u00ed odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di sankc\u00edm a vojensk\u00e9ho vlivu. I bez p\u0159\u00edstupu k oce\u00e1nu se tato p\u00e1nev stala kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bodem euroasijsk\u00e9ho propojen\u00ed. V tomto nest\u00e1l\u00e9m prostoru jsou spojenectv\u00ed pragmatick\u00e1 a prom\u011bnliv\u00e1, rivalita je nen\u00e1padn\u00e1, ale p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mce nab\u00edzej\u00ed jen zd\u00e1n\u00ed stability. Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e u\u017e na map\u011b nen\u00ed klidn\u00fdm jezerem.<\/span><\/p>\n

od\u00a0<\/span>Stefana di Lorenza<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0<\/span>Geopolitick\u00e9 f\u00f3rum<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e, kdysi izolovan\u00fd a zapomenut\u00fd region, se stalo h\u0159i\u0161t\u011bm pro velk\u00e9 a region\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":102670,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,819,1008,310,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102669"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102669"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102669\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/102670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102669"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}