{"id":102168,"date":"2026-03-18T00:18:35","date_gmt":"2026-03-17T23:18:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=102168"},"modified":"2026-03-17T11:35:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T10:35:41","slug":"valka-v-perskem-zalivu-ohrozuje-urodu-dodavatelske-retezce-hnojiv-jsou-po-celem-svete-pod-tlakem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/18\/valka-v-perskem-zalivu-ohrozuje-urodu-dodavatelske-retezce-hnojiv-jsou-po-celem-svete-pod-tlakem\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1lka v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu ohro\u017euje \u00farodu: Dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce hnojiv jsou po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b pod tlakem"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zat\u00edmco sv\u011bt mluv\u00ed o cen\u00e1ch ropy, vojensk\u00fdch strategi\u00edch a raketov\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch, skute\u010dn\u00e1 krize by se mohla ti\u0161e a neviditeln\u011b schylovat \u2013 v dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u00edch hnojiv, nen\u00e1padn\u00e9m z\u00e1kladu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed produkce potravin. V\u00e1lka v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu ohro\u017euje nejen obchod s energi\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 jeden z \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edch materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch tok\u016f, bez kter\u00e9ho modern\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee existovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st petrochemick\u00fdch surovin pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro v\u00fdrobu dus\u00edkat\u00fdch hnojiv poch\u00e1z\u00ed z oblasti Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu nebo je p\u0159epravov\u00e1na p\u0159es Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv. Tento pr\u016fliv je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fazk\u00fdch hrdel glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky. Denn\u011b j\u00edm proch\u00e1z\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ropy, zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho zemn\u00edho plynu a petrochemick\u00fdch produkt\u016f. Pokud se tato trasa dostane pod trval\u00fd vojensk\u00fd tlak, nejen\u017ee porostou ceny energi\u00ed, ale mohly by celosv\u011btov\u011b prudce vzr\u016fst i ceny hnojiv.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed nen\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 jen cena, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed. Produkce kuku\u0159ice, r\u00fd\u017ee a p\u0161enice se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi sez\u00f3nn\u00edmi cykly. Zem\u011bd\u011blci mus\u00ed aplikovat hnojiva v \u00fazk\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalech. Pokud se tyto t\u00fddny prome\u0161kaj\u00ed, v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta v\u00fdnos\u016f se pozd\u011bji jen t\u011b\u017eko nahrad\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00ed ekonomov\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00ed dod\u00e1vek jako riziko, kter\u00e9 daleko p\u0159esahuje kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy trhu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V mnoha regionech sv\u011bta zem\u011bd\u011blci ji\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dus\u00edkat\u00fdch hnojiv. Zat\u00edmco bohat\u00e9 zem\u011b \u010dasto nadm\u011brn\u011b hnoj\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u016fdy, zem\u011bd\u011blci na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Jihu n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jen zlomek pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed. I m\u00edrn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hnojiv v t\u00e9to oblasti m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k dramatick\u00e9mu poklesu v\u00fdnos\u016f. Zku\u0161enost Sr\u00ed Lanky z roku 2021, kdy kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd z\u00e1kaz syntetick\u00fdch hnojiv vedl k masivn\u00edmu poklesu produkce r\u00fd\u017ee, slou\u017e\u00ed pro mnoho odborn\u00edk\u016f jako varovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkolik zem\u00ed ji\u017e poci\u0165uje tlak na sv\u00e9 syst\u00e9my z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed. Velk\u00e9 populace a zem\u011b s vysokou popt\u00e1vkou po dovozu sleduj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj cen hnojiv s rostouc\u00ed \u00fazkost\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 rostou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1klady na zemn\u00ed plyn, nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed surovinu pro v\u00fdrobu amoniaku a mo\u010doviny. To \u010din\u00ed v\u00fdrobu hnojiv st\u00e1le dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, a to i v zem\u00edch s vlastn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslem.<\/span><\/p>\n

K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed klimatick\u00e1 rizika. Meteorologov\u00e9 ji\u017e hl\u00e1s\u00ed nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed sucho v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch oblastech a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se spekuluje o mo\u017en\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch jevech, jako je El Ni\u00f1o, kter\u00e9 by mohly zm\u011bnit monzunov\u00e9 cykly. V situaci, kdy se hnojiva st\u00e1vaj\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00fdmi nebo extr\u00e9mn\u011b drah\u00fdmi, mohou takov\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 faktory vyv\u00edjet dal\u0161\u00ed tlak na v\u00fdnosy plodin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory tomu se tomuto v\u00fdvoji dosud dostalo jen mal\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pozornosti. Finan\u010dn\u00ed trhy reaguj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na ceny ropy a politick\u00e9 debaty se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na rizika vojensk\u00e9 eskalace. Pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed potravinovou bezpe\u010dnost by v\u0161ak potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ok z hnojiv mohl m\u00edt stejn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky jako energetick\u00fd \u0161ok.<\/span><\/p>\n

Modern\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed se do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na jedin\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd proces: v\u00fdrobu dus\u00edkat\u00fdch hnojiv ze zemn\u00edho plynu. Tento proces dnes \u017eiv\u00ed miliardy lid\u00ed. Pokud se dod\u00e1vky nezbytn\u00fdch surovin nebo dopravn\u00ed trasy naru\u0161\u00ed, mohou se dopady roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it na cel\u00fd potravinov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec \u2013 od rostouc\u00edch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f a\u017e po vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ceny potravin v supermarketech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b tedy neur\u010duje jen geopolitickou mocenskou dynamiku nebo ceny energi\u00ed. Mohla by tak\u00e9 ovlivnit, kolik potravin se v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed sklizni skute\u010dn\u011b vyprodukuje. Zat\u00edmco diplomat\u00e9 vyjedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed a arm\u00e1dy pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 operace, pro zem\u011bd\u011blce na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b tikaj\u00ed jin\u00e9 hodiny \u2013 hodiny pro set\u00ed a hnojen\u00ed. A tyto hodiny nelze zastavit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ropn\u00fd a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl v energetick\u00fdch transformac\u00edch<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00e1 potravinov\u00e1 situace<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed potravinov\u00e1 krize<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco sv\u011bt mluv\u00ed o cen\u00e1ch ropy, vojensk\u00fdch strategi\u00edch a raketov\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch, skute\u010dn\u00e1 krize by se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":35404,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1979,371,750,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102168"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102168"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102168\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102168"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102168"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102168"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}