{"id":102033,"date":"2026-03-16T00:32:51","date_gmt":"2026-03-15T23:32:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=102033"},"modified":"2026-03-15T16:53:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T15:53:31","slug":"jak-rad-zalozeny-na-pravidlech-strukturoval-americko-zapadni-imperialismus-od-roku-1945","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/16\/jak-rad-zalozeny-na-pravidlech-strukturoval-americko-zapadni-imperialismus-od-roku-1945\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak \u201e\u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech\u201c strukturoval americko-z\u00e1padn\u00ed imperialismus od roku 1945?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Z\u00e1pad postupn\u011b zlomysln\u011b nahradil mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo protikladn\u00fdm \u201e\u0159\u00e1dem zalo\u017een\u00fdm na pravidlech\u201c. Za zd\u00e1nlivou normativn\u00ed neutralitou tento nov\u00fd koncept odhaluje hierarchickou architekturu moci, tedy asymetrickou strukturu formovanou z\u00e1jmy.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Od konce druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1945 z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti prezentovaly mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed syst\u00e9m jako syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmi normami. P\u0159esto od Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f po NATO diferencovan\u00e9 a selektivn\u00ed uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch princip\u016f \u2013 suverenity, nepou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly, rovnosti st\u00e1t\u016f, sebeur\u010den\u00ed \u2013 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dojem \u0159\u00e1du formovan\u00e9ho Z\u00e1padem a pro Z\u00e1pad, na \u00fakor skute\u010dn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 suver\u00e9nn\u00ed rovnosti. Toto asymetrick\u00e9 uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed norem zd\u016fraz\u0148uje mocenskou dynamiku, kter\u00e1 zkresluje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky ve strategick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje. M\u016f\u017ee si v\u0161ak mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d skute\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1rokovat univerzalitu, kdy\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed mocensk\u00e9 asymetrie?<\/span><\/p>\n

Normativn\u00ed instrumentalizace jako mocensk\u00e1 technologie<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Historicky se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo objevilo jako soubor pravidel ur\u010den\u00fdch k potla\u010den\u00ed donucovac\u00ed sv\u00e9vole. Pokud se v\u0161ak st\u00e1t v z\u00e1padn\u00edm mikrokosmu odvol\u00e1 na principy, jako je sebeobrana nebo ochrana civiln\u00edho obyvatelstva, k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00ed, rozd\u00edl mezi pr\u00e1vn\u00edm od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm a strategick\u00fdm pragmatismem se st\u00edr\u00e1. P\u0159\u00edklad intervence v Libyi v roce 2011, schv\u00e1len\u00e9 pod rou\u0161kou ochrany civiln\u00edho obyvatelstva, se prom\u011bnil ve zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekro\u010dila ducha rezoluce 1973. Invaze do Ir\u00e1ku v roce 2003, kterou provedly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed bez v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu Rady bezpe\u010dnosti, rovn\u011b\u017e ilustruje do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed Charty OSN, ospravedl\u0148ovan\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00fdm v\u00fdkladem preventivn\u00ed sebeobrany. Podobn\u011b p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed operace proti nest\u00e1tn\u00edm skupin\u00e1m, \u010dasto prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 bez v\u00fdslovn\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu, ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee interpretace norem se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na p\u016fvodu akt\u00e9ra. Naopak reintegrace Krymu do Ruska po referendu o sebeur\u010den\u00ed (kter\u00e9 bylo v\u00fdsledkem\u00a0<\/span>euromajdansk\u00e9ho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159evratu pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho CIA a NATO a podporovan\u00e9ho kolektivn\u00edm Z\u00e1padem) v roce 2014 byla energicky schv\u00e1lena; n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd kask\u00e1dovit\u00fdm sank\u010dn\u00edm re\u017eimem od roku 2022. Tato selektivita transformuje normu sp\u00ed\u0161e ve strategick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj ne\u017e v \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed omezen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konflikty z\u00e1stupc\u016f, donucovac\u00ed exteritorialita a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d zakazuje \u00fazemn\u00ed dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed, ale objevily se alternativn\u00ed formy n\u00e1tlaku. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b z\u00e1stupn\u00e9 konflikty, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed neform\u00e1ln\u00edch koali\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a uchylov\u00e1n\u00ed se k ekonomick\u00fdm sankc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 nyn\u00ed dominuj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b. Zdaleka nejde o vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fd\u010det vojensk\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>intervenc\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v Africe (Som\u00e1lsko (1993, 2007, 2008, 2013 a 2025), D\u017eibutsko a Africk\u00fd roh (2002\u20132016), Uganda, Demokratick\u00e1 republika Kongo, Ji\u017en\u00ed S\u00fad\u00e1n a St\u0159edoafrick\u00e1 republika (2011\u20132017), Libye (2011), Nig\u00e9rie (2025) atd.), v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe (Dominika (1916\u20131924), Nikaragua (1912\u20131925, 1926\u20131933, pot\u00e9 1980\u20131990), Kuba (od roku 1961)), Grenada v Karibiku (1983), Panama (1989\u20131990), Venezuela (2026) atd.) a na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b (Ir\u00e1k (1991 a 2003), Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n (2001\u20132021), S\u00fdrie (od roku 2011), Jemen (od roku 2002), P\u00e1kist\u00e1n). (2004-2018), \u00cdr\u00e1n (1970, 2025, pot\u00e9 od 28. \u00fanora 2026)) v kombinaci s nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edmi zpravodajsk\u00fdmi operacemi ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee respekt k suverenit\u011b do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na identit\u011b akt\u00e9r\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1le americk\u00e9 \u00fatoky dron\u016f v P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu a Jemenu, c\u00edlen\u00fd atent\u00e1t na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la K\u00e1sema Solejm\u00e1n\u00edho v Bagd\u00e1du v lednu 2020, atent\u00e1ty na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u016fdce ajatoll\u00e1ha Al\u00edho Chamene\u00edho a dal\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavitele od 28. \u00fanora 2026 (je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee konfrontace\u00a0<\/span>s<\/span><\/a>\u00a0americko-izraelskou koalic\u00ed pokra\u010duje a bylo by p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 spekulovat o jej\u00edm v\u00fdsledku v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, ale v\u0161e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se neomez\u00ed pouze na region\u00e1ln\u00ed konflikt a \u017ee by se mohli zapojit spojenci na obou stran\u00e1ch (\u00cdr\u00e1n a Izrael\/USA)) a tajn\u00e9 operace v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka toho, \u017ee donucovac\u00ed exteritorialita je i nad\u00e1le b\u011b\u017enou prax\u00ed. Washington se odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na boj proti terorismu; jin\u00ed jej vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako poru\u0161en\u00ed suverenity. Kdy\u017e se pravidla li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na tom, kdo \u010din p\u00e1ch\u00e1, p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u00fdt ot\u00e1zkou pr\u00e1va a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1danou v\u00fdsadou moci.<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti masov\u00e9 vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, vlekl\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed krize a v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed dopady \u2013 umocn\u011bn\u00e9 koalicemi bez z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee pragmatick\u00fd cynismus, zahalen\u00fd do normativn\u00ed legality, oslabuje hustotu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bru st\u00e1t\u016f v jeho spravedliv\u00e9 uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Iluze \u201ez\u00e1padn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na pravidlech\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

5. \u00fanora 2026 v den\u00edku The Hill\u00a0<\/span>publikoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Brahma Chellaney \u010dl\u00e1nek \u201eU\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 iluze \u201a\u0159\u00e1du zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na pravidlech\u2018 kon\u010d\u00ed\u201c. V n\u011bm informoval o projevu Marka Carneyho v Davosu, v n\u011bm\u017e p\u0159ipustil selektivn\u00ed uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee pravidla byla \u201eflexibiln\u00ed\u201c, p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm Ameriky a dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed, se rovn\u00e1 potvrzen\u00ed jejich instrumentalizace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Carneyho p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed potvrzuje, \u017ee koncept \u201emezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na pravidlech\u201c ji\u017e dlouho slou\u017e\u00ed Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm jako z\u00e1minka k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jejich zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky, v\u010detn\u011b ospravedl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ozbrojen\u00e9 agrese. Kv\u016fli nezodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 interpretaci t\u011bchto norem Washingtonem se miliony lid\u00ed staly ob\u011b\u0165mi v\u00e1lek a jejich n\u00e1sledk\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed byli nuceni trvale opustit sv\u00e9 domovy a st\u00e1t se uprchl\u00edky. D\u00e1le byly v n\u011bkolika zem\u00edch zdokumentov\u00e1ny \u010detn\u00e9 etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u010distky. \u010ciny Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f podkopaly d\u016fv\u011bru v\u011bt\u0161iny mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed v univerz\u00e1lnost a z\u00e1vaznost mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm nav\u00edc v\u00fdrazn\u011b naru\u0161il glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d a odhalil propast mezi proklamovan\u00fdmi principy a skute\u010dn\u00fdm uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto norem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto bezprecedentn\u00ed p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed od p\u0159edn\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed osobnosti potvrzuje kritiku vznesenou glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Jihem: jednostrann\u00e9 sankce, zm\u011bna re\u017eim\u016f a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 750 americk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen v 80 zem\u00edch. Normativn\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost se hrout\u00ed, kdy\u017e se z v\u00fdjimky stane norma. Nap\u0159\u00edklad tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm kriz\u00edm \u2013 od podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 podpory Ukrajiny a\u017e po vojensk\u00e9 koalice bez explicitn\u00edho multilater\u00e1ln\u00edho mand\u00e1tu \u2013 toto uzn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje zlomov\u00fd bod: pohodln\u00e1 iluze neutr\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du ustupuje realizaci jeho strategick\u00e9 konstrukce, a to za cenu hlubok\u00e9 krize legitimity.<\/span><\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee slavn\u00fd \u201e\u0159\u00e1d zalo\u017een\u00fd na pravidlech\u201c se jev\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b jako univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed horizont a v\u00edce jako sou\u010dasn\u00e1 syntax racionalizovan\u00e9ho imperialismu. Je na\u010dase, aby to p\u0159estalo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mohamed Lamine Kaba<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1pad postupn\u011b zlomysln\u011b nahradil mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo protikladn\u00fdm \u201e\u0159\u00e1dem zalo\u017een\u00fdm na pravidlech\u201c. Za zd\u00e1nlivou normativn\u00ed neutralitou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":102034,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,2332,276,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102033"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102033"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102033\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/102034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}