{"id":101342,"date":"2026-03-09T00:12:30","date_gmt":"2026-03-08T23:12:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=101342"},"modified":"2026-03-08T13:53:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T12:53:56","slug":"pepe-escobar-jak-iran-ukoncil-americkou-hegemonii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/09\/pepe-escobar-jak-iran-ukoncil-americkou-hegemonii\/","title":{"rendered":"Pepe Escobar: Jak \u00cdr\u00e1n ukon\u010dil americkou hegemonii"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Konflikt na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b se stup\u0148uje, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nov\u00fdm f\u00e1z\u00edm, \u00fatok\u016fm a postupn\u00e9mu \u2013 nebo potenci\u00e1ln\u011b dramatick\u00e9mu \u2013 zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed situace. Pepe Escobare, jak ch\u00e1pete \u00edr\u00e1nskou strategii a jak ovlivn\u00ed cel\u00fd region?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V ned\u00e1vno publikovan\u00e9m sloupku, kter\u00fd nejprve vy\u0161el v Rusku a nyn\u00ed koluje v r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159ekladech, analyzuje renomovan\u00fd geopolitick\u00fd expert Pepe Escobar \u00edr\u00e1nskou strategii v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m konfliktu s USA a Izraelem. Escobar ji popisuje jako \u201edecentralizovanou mozaikovou strategii\u201c, co\u017e je ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed term\u00edn, kter\u00fd nazna\u010duje vysoce komplexn\u00ed a sofistikovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Tato strategie, kterou p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 ke konceptu \u201esmrti tis\u00edci \u0159ezy\u201c \u2013 nar\u00e1\u017eka na \u010d\u00ednskou taktiku \u2013 je nam\u00ed\u0159ena proti \u201eEpsteinovu syndik\u00e1tu\u201c, jak naz\u00fdv\u00e1 americko-izraelskou alianci. Byla zdokonalov\u00e1na m\u011bs\u00edce po 12denn\u00ed v\u00e1lce a osobn\u011b ji \u0159\u00eddil ajatoll\u00e1h Chamene\u00ed v \u00fazk\u00e9 koordinaci s veden\u00edm Isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch revolu\u010dn\u00edch gard (IRGC).<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Pepe Escobar: Jak \u00cdr\u00e1n ukon\u010duje americkou hegemonii\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YO7AH1WsMNI?feature=oembed\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 mozaikov\u00e1 strategie<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 rysy t\u00e9to strategie pat\u0159\u00ed decentralizovan\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 velitel\u016fm v regionech, jako je Ch\u00fazist\u00e1n nebo \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, poskytuje plnou autonomii. Mohou jednat na m\u00edst\u011b b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika sekund, bez konzultace s centr\u00e1ln\u00edm velen\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Escobar zd\u016fraz\u0148uje poetick\u00fd a architektonick\u00fd aspekt: \u200b\u200bPodobn\u011b jako slo\u017eit\u00e9 mozaiky v persk\u00fdch me\u0161it\u00e1ch, jako jsou ty v Isfah\u00e1nu, tato strategie kombinuje nespo\u010det prvk\u016f do souvisl\u00e9ho celku. Umo\u017e\u0148uje neust\u00e1l\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed a dola\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v ud\u00e1lostech uplynul\u00e9ho t\u00fddne.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Rychlost a vojensk\u00e1 adaptace<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zejm\u00e9na vynikaj\u00ed dva aspekty: rychlost implementace a zlep\u0161en\u00e1 obrana infrastruktury. Pouhou p\u016fl hodiny po st\u011bt\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho v\u016fdce \u00cdr\u00e1n reagoval masivn\u00ed protiofenz\u00edvou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Na rozd\u00edl od dvan\u00e1ctidenn\u00ed v\u00e1lky, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e museli ru\u0161t\u00ed technici opravovat energetickou s\u00ed\u0165, byla tentokr\u00e1t l\u00e9pe chr\u00e1n\u011bna. Prvn\u00ed den \u00cdr\u00e1nci odp\u00e1lili kolem 1200 raket a dron\u016f, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo ni\u010div\u00e9 \u0161kody.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nyn\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed generace raket vyroben\u00fdch v posledn\u00edch deseti letech, v\u010detn\u011b hypersonick\u00fdch model\u016f, kter\u00e9 se dosud v Izraeli pou\u017e\u00edvaly jen st\u0159\u00eddm\u011b k p\u0159esn\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm. Star\u0161\u00ed rakety z let 2012 a\u017e 2014 byly nejprve spot\u0159ebov\u00e1ny, aby se modern\u00ed uchovaly pro pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdb\u011br c\u00edl\u016f<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdb\u011br c\u00edl\u016f je pe\u010dliv\u011b kontrolov\u00e1n a prob\u00edh\u00e1 postupn\u011b. Americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v Kuvajtu, Bahrajnu, Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tech a Kataru jsou opakovan\u011b bombardov\u00e1ny, dokud nejsou zni\u010deny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To zahrnuje elektr\u00e1rny, rafinerie a dokonce i hotely, v nich\u017e bydl\u00ed americk\u00fd person\u00e1l, proto\u017ee z\u00e1kladny ji\u017e nejsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kolem \u00fatok\u016f, jako byl ten na Tanuru v Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii nebo v \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu, panuj\u00ed kontroverze. Escobar je klasifikuje jako mo\u017en\u00e9 operace pod fale\u0161nou vlajkou s c\u00edlem zat\u00e1hnout \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n do konfliktu a za\u00fato\u010dit na \u00cdr\u00e1n ze Z\u00e1padu.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 odolnost<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Navzdory intenzivn\u00edm bombardovac\u00edm kampan\u00edm proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu \u2013 Escobar to potvrzuje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kontakt\u016f v ter\u00e9nu, v\u010detn\u011b profesora Marandiho \u2013 jeho odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezlomn\u00e9. Cena je hr\u016fzn\u00e1, ale kontinuita vl\u00e1dy je zaji\u0161t\u011bna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Spekuluje se o nov\u00e9m nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u016fdci, mo\u017en\u00e1 o Mojt\u00e1bovi Chamene\u00edm, synovi ajatoll\u00e1ha, ale ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed se st\u00e1le \u010dek\u00e1. \u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost vn\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1lku jako existencion\u00e1ln\u00ed, co\u017e posiluje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Protistrana: USA a Izrael<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Escobar to stav\u00ed do kontrastu s druhou stranou: Izrael a USA, veden\u00e9 osobnostmi jako Benjamin Netanjahu, kter\u00e9ho naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201eNeo-Caligula\u201c, jednaj\u00ed impulzivn\u011b a bez pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Netanjahu hroz\u00ed zabit\u00edm nov\u00e9ho \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho v\u016fdce, co\u017e Escobar ozna\u010duje za jedno z nejhloup\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed za posledn\u00edch 100 let.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">USA a Izrael pl\u00e1novaly o v\u00edkendu rychl\u00e9 skartov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu, aby dos\u00e1hly zm\u011bny re\u017eimu, ale selhaly. Nyn\u00ed jsou zahn\u00e1ni do kouta, bez pravidel, co\u017e je \u010din\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zv\u011bsti z Pentagonu hovo\u0159\u00ed o konfliktu trvaj\u00edc\u00edm a\u017e do z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, ale Escobar pochybuje, \u017ee by mohl trvat d\u00e9le ne\u017e dva a\u017e t\u0159i t\u00fddny, proto\u017ee munice se st\u00e1v\u00e1 vz\u00e1cnou.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd tlak<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Dominuj\u00ed dv\u011b paraleln\u00ed cesty: \u00cdr\u00e1n se mus\u00ed d\u00edky sv\u00e9 strategii br\u00e1nit, a\u0165 to stoj\u00ed cokoli.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Na druhou stranu v USA a v atlantick\u00e9 oblasti roste panika z mo\u017en\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho kolapsu. Jsou zde podm\u00ednky pro syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky, proto\u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u00fanikov\u00e1 cesta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">USA za\u00fato\u010dily bez pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a selhaly ve v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch c\u00edlech.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Role Ruska a \u010c\u00edny<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Rusko a \u010c\u00edna hraj\u00ed diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed, ale kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u00cdr\u00e1n nepo\u017e\u00e1dal o p\u0159\u00edmou pomoc, ale Putin zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby p\u0159ijde. Rusov\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed pomoc prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm koridoru Astara a \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed satelitn\u00edmi pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdmi daty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Oba pozoruj\u00ed kolaps americk\u00e9ho vlivu v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii \u2013 geopolitick\u00fd \u0161ok za pouh\u00fd t\u00fdden.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Tlak z golfov\u00e9ho h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tlak ze strany st\u00e1t\u016f Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu s\u00edl\u00ed. Podle zpr\u00e1v ve Financial Times Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie, Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, Kuvajt a Katar jednaj\u00ed o odstoupen\u00ed od americk\u00fdch smluv a investic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tyto zem\u011b, z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na rop\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 na potravin\u00e1ch a vod\u011b, vid\u00ed ohro\u017eenou budoucnost. \u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00fatoky ni\u010d\u00ed americk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v regionu, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pochybnosti o jejich \u0161anc\u00edch na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Otev\u0159en\u00fd dopis od Emirates<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Otev\u0159en\u00fd dopis emir\u00e1tsk\u00e9ho miliard\u00e1\u0159e Khalafa Ahmeda al-Habtoora adresovan\u00fd Donaldu Trumpovi tento v\u00fdvoj podtrhuje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eNep\u0159ihl\u00e1sili jsme se k tomu dobrovoln\u011b,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e. Kritizuje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv byl zata\u017een do necht\u011bn\u00e9ho konfliktu, zat\u00edmco americk\u00e9 m\u00edrov\u00e9 iniciativy, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201eDohoda stolet\u00ed\u201c, byly financov\u00e1ny z fond\u016f Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Trump sl\u00edbil \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, ale provedl operace v sedmi zem\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pro mnoho pozorovatel\u016f tento dopis znamen\u00e1 konec d\u016fv\u011bry. \u201eDohoda stolet\u00ed\u201c je mrtv\u00e1; prvek d\u016fv\u011bry mezi arabsk\u00fdmi monarchiemi byl naru\u0161en.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Konec petrodolarov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">J\u00e1dro probl\u00e9mu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v petrodolarov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">St\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu si st\u00e1le v\u00edce uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee v tomto po\u0159ad\u00ed funguj\u00ed jako geopoliti\u010dt\u00ed vazalov\u00e9. Budou hledat alternativy \u2013 a Rusko se st\u00e1v\u00e1 potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159edn\u00edkem a mocensk\u00fdm faktorem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Moskva by jako dominantn\u00ed s\u00edla v OPEC a OPEC+ mohla m\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv na podm\u00ednky, za kter\u00fdch bude v budoucnu prov\u00e1d\u011bna energetick\u00e1 politika.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Spole\u010dn\u00fd telefon\u00e1t mezi Vladimirem Putinem a st\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu nazna\u010duje mo\u017enou mediaci. Kreml v\u0161ak nem\u00e1 velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem na rychl\u00e9m zotaven\u00ed pozice USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Rusko, \u00cdr\u00e1n a \u010c\u00edna sleduj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd strategick\u00fd c\u00edl: sta\u017een\u00ed USA ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159echod na petrojuan<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To otev\u00edr\u00e1 \u010c\u00edn\u011b novou perspektivu: p\u0159echod na tzv. petrojuan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Rusko by mohlo z\u00e1rove\u0148 fungovat jako geopolitick\u00fd ochrann\u00fd de\u0161tn\u00edk pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 monarchie v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">B\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed se geopolitick\u00fd syst\u00e9m dramaticky zm\u011bnil. Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv je pro \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 odp\u016frce fakticky zablokov\u00e1n, cena ropy Brent roste a nervozita nar\u016fst\u00e1 v dov\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00edch, jako je Japonsko, Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea a Tchaj-wan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Evropa \u010del\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 situaci. Pot\u00e9, co byl odm\u00edtnut rusk\u00fd plyn, nyn\u00ed \u010del\u00ed tak\u00e9 hrozb\u011b ztr\u00e1ty katarsk\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek \u2013 co\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed za ekonomickou sebevra\u017edu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 na druhou stranu strategick\u00e9 rezervy na zhruba 240 a\u017e 250 dn\u00ed a alternativn\u00ed zdroje dod\u00e1vek, jako je ropa ze Sibi\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Podle Escobarovy anal\u00fdzy tento konflikt urychluje \u00fapadek americk\u00e9 hegemonie. \u00cdr\u00e1n, Rusko a \u010c\u00edna by z n\u011bj mohly profitovat geopoliticky i geoekonomicky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed dny ur\u010d\u00ed, zda se tento proces d\u00e1le zrychl\u00ed \u2013 a zda z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie skute\u010dn\u011b \u010del\u00ed historick\u00e9mu posunu paradigmatu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Konflikt na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b se stup\u0148uje, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nov\u00fdm f\u00e1z\u00edm, \u00fatok\u016fm a postupn\u00e9mu \u2013 nebo&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55006,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,2164,38,1052,37,889],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101342"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101342"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101342\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}