{"id":100539,"date":"2026-02-28T00:24:12","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T23:24:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=100539"},"modified":"2026-02-27T15:39:17","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T14:39:17","slug":"ted-snider-venezuelska-ropa-a-konec-latinskoamerickeho-snu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/02\/28\/ted-snider-venezuelska-ropa-a-konec-latinskoamerickeho-snu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ted Snider: Venezuelsk\u00e1 ropa a konec latinskoamerick\u00e9ho snu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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29. ledna podepsala \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00ed prezidentka Venezuely Delcy Rodr\u00edguezov\u00e1 z\u00e1kon umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed privatizaci venezuelsk\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Jedin\u00fdm tahem pera Rodr\u00edguezov\u00e1 zpe\u010detila nejen konec z\u00e1kona, ale tak\u00e9 konec desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00edho latinskoamerick\u00e9ho snu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V roce 2007 dokon\u010dil demokraticky zvolen\u00fd prezident Venezuely Hugo Ch\u00e1vez zn\u00e1rodn\u011bn\u00ed venezuelsk\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, proces, kter\u00fd za\u010dal v roce 1976. Ch\u00e1vez Venezuelan\u016fm sl\u00edbil, \u017ee jeho vl\u00e1da existuje proto, aby chr\u00e1nila lidi, nikoli bur\u017eoazii nebo bohat\u00e9. T\u00edmto slibem zn\u00e1rodnil elekt\u0159inu, telekomunikace a ocel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a zajistil, \u017ee zisky z venezuelsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f budou pou\u017eity k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch slu\u017eeb pro obyvatelstvo. A co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, prezident t\u00e9to zem\u011b bohat\u00e9 na ropu dokon\u010dil zn\u00e1rodn\u011bn\u00ed ropn\u00e9ho a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, kter\u00fd byl do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry kontrolov\u00e1n americk\u00fdmi korporacemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1vezovy reformy ve Venezuele se ale neobjevily z ni\u010deho nic. Byly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem k rozvoji desetilet\u00ed star\u00e9ho latinskoamerick\u00e9ho snu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed venezuelsk\u00e1 \u00fastava prohla\u0161ovala: \u201eJeliko\u017e vl\u00e1dy jsou z\u0159izov\u00e1ny ve prosp\u011bch a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed lidu, mus\u00ed spole\u010dnost poskytovat pomoc pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm a trp\u00edc\u00edm.\u201c Z\u00e1klady pro to polo\u017eila mexick\u00e1 \u00fastava z roku 1917. P\u016fda n\u00e1roda pat\u0159ila st\u00e1tu. Jak vysv\u011btluje Greg Grandin v knize \u201eAmerika, Amerika: Nov\u00e9 d\u011bjiny Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c, a\u010dkoli p\u016fda mohla b\u00fdt ud\u011blena do soukrom\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed, v\u0161e na t\u00e9to p\u016fd\u011b bylo zn\u00e1rodn\u011bno. \u00dastava stanov\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1t m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo omezit soukrom\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed \u201eve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu\u201c a regulovat rozvoj p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze vyvlastnit za \u00fa\u010delem jejich zachov\u00e1n\u00ed a spravedliv\u00e9ho rozd\u011blen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

To by m\u011blo zajistit, aby obyvatelstvo, a nikoli ciz\u00ed mocnosti, m\u011blo prosp\u011bch z vlastn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Toto by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pl\u00e1n, jak by Latinsk\u00e1 Amerika generovala p\u0159\u00edjmy pro financov\u00e1n\u00ed vize soci\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, kter\u00e1 by poskytovala z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slu\u017eby a pomoc v\u0161em, v\u010detn\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch a trp\u00edc\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli Mexiko bylo prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tento koncept pln\u011b rozvinula, s\u00e1m o sob\u011b nebyl nov\u00fd. Grandin poukazuje na to, \u017ee Haiti ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve zak\u00e1zalo vlastnictv\u00ed p\u016fdy cizinc\u016f, Kolumbie si n\u00e1rokovala ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed ropn\u00fdch z\u00e1sob pod ve\u0159ejnou p\u016fdou a Bol\u00edvie na\u0159\u00eddila st\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed v\u0161ech ropovodn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Brzy pot\u00e9 mnoho latinskoamerick\u00fdch zem\u00ed p\u0159ijalo \u00fastavy zakotven\u00e9 v my\u0161lenku, \u017ee bohatstv\u00ed n\u00e1roda pat\u0159\u00ed lidu a \u017ee suverenita zdroj\u016f bude financovat soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby pro obyvatelstvo. V roce 1937 se Bol\u00edvie stala prvn\u00ed latinskoamerickou zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 form\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1rodnila ropn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, o rok pozd\u011bji ji n\u00e1sledovalo Mexiko.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikaragujsk\u00fd prezident Jos\u00e9 Santos Zelaya trval na tom, aby americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v Nikaragui dodr\u017eovaly sv\u00e9 smlouvy. Fidel Castro zavedl agr\u00e1rn\u00ed reformy a politiku zn\u00e1rod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed guatemalsk\u00fd prezident Jacobo Arbenz p\u0159erozd\u011blil 20 % p\u016fdy vlastn\u011bn\u00e9 spole\u010dnost\u00ed United Fruit ve prosp\u011bch guatemalsk\u00e9ho lidu. O deset let pozd\u011bji prosazoval Jo\u00e3o Goulart v Braz\u00edlii reformy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly za c\u00edl p\u0159em\u011bnit p\u016fdu na zdroj ve prosp\u011bch brazilsk\u00e9ho lidu. O dal\u0161\u00ed deset let pozd\u011bji chilsk\u00fd prezident Salvador Allende zn\u00e1rodnil m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 doly a chilskou telefonn\u00ed spole\u010dnost, kterou ze 70 % vlastnil americk\u00fd telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed gigant ITT. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm desetilet\u00ed ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00fd prezident Jaime Rold\u00f3s p\u0159ijal z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd vy\u017eadoval, aby zisky z ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ely prosp\u011bch ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e9mu lidu, a informoval zahrani\u010dn\u00ed ropn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, \u017ee pokud jejich aktivity nebudou v souladu s p\u0159edpisy, budou muset zemi opustit. Panamsk\u00fd prezident Omar Torrijos a Manuel Noriega po\u017eadovali panamskou kontrolu nad Panamsk\u00fdm pr\u016fplavem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pak p\u0159i\u0161el Ch\u00e1vez, po n\u011bm\u017e v Hondurasu n\u00e1sledoval Manuel Zelaya \u2013 kter\u00fd odm\u00edtl privatizovat telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl sv\u00e9 zem\u011b \u2013 a pozd\u011bji Evo Morales z Bol\u00edvie, kter\u00fd trval na tom, \u017ee t\u011b\u017eba lithia v jeho zemi mus\u00ed prob\u00edhat v rovnocenn\u00e9m partnerstv\u00ed se st\u00e1tn\u00ed t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1vez dodr\u017eel sv\u016fj slib lidu. Venezuelsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy z ropy plynuly do program\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed Venezuelan\u016f. Chudoba a nezam\u011bstnanost ve Venezuele p\u016fsobiv\u011b a rychle klesaly, stejn\u011b jako nerovnost bohatstv\u00ed a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst.<\/span><\/p>\n

K tomuto \u00fasp\u011bchu p\u0159isp\u011blo mnoho faktor\u016f, ale nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byly americk\u00e9 sankce proti Venezuele. Podle Marka Weisbrota, spolu\u0159editele Centra pro ekonomick\u00fd a politick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, Trumpovy sankce z roku 2017 rapidn\u011b urychlily pokles produkce ropy. Jen v prvn\u00edm roce klesla produkce o 700 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b, co\u017e vedlo k masivn\u00edm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po zat\u010den\u00ed venezuelsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Nicol\u00e1se Madura Trumpova administrativa uznala jeho viceprezidentku Delcy Rodr\u00edguezovou za \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00ed prezidentku Venezuely. Rodr\u00edguezov\u00e1 v\u0161ak byla pod obrovsk\u00fdm tlakem. Trump varoval, \u017ee USA jsou \u201ep\u0159ipraveny na druh\u00fd a mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fatok, pokud to bude nutn\u00e9\u201c, a \u017ee pokud Rodr\u00edguezov\u00e1 \u201eneud\u011bl\u00e1 spr\u00e1vnou v\u011bc, zaplat\u00ed velmi vysokou cenu, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Maduro\u201c. Existuj\u00ed dokonce nepotvrzen\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee USA daly ministrovi vnitra, p\u0159edsedovi N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a Rodr\u00edguezovi po Madurov\u011b zat\u010den\u00ed \u201e15 minut na odpov\u011b\u010f, jinak n\u00e1s zabij\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jen n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed pot\u00e9, co Rodr\u00edguezov\u00e1 ozn\u00e1mila ropn\u00fdm pracovn\u00edk\u016fm, \u017ee vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed Washingtonu do venezuelsk\u00e9 politiky kone\u010dn\u011b skon\u010dilo, podepsala z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd vyhov\u011bl po\u017eadavku Washingtonu na de facto privatizaci venezuelsk\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. V r\u00e1mci toho, co New York Times nazval n\u00e1vratem \u201edo \u00e9ry diplomacie d\u011blov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f\u201c, z\u00e1kon p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed kontrolu nad produkc\u00ed a prodejem ropy na soukrom\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a omezuje da\u0148 z p\u0159\u00edjmu a licen\u010dn\u00ed poplatky. Krom\u011b toho jsou v\u0161echny spory p\u0159evedeny z venezuelsk\u00fdch soud\u016f na nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 arbitry.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je ironi\u00ed, \u017ee Maria Corina Machado, radik\u00e1ln\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00ed osobnost, kter\u00e1 dlouhodob\u011b prosazuje privatizaci venezuelsk\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, z\u0159ejm\u011b podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1kon podporovan\u00fd USA, zat\u00edmco jej Madur\u016fv re\u017eim podepsal. Na ot\u00e1zku ohledn\u011b nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona Machado prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee jeliko\u017e neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed jako legitimn\u00ed autoritu, je cokoli, co z n\u011bj vych\u00e1z\u00ed, neplatn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1 pravdu. Ne proto, \u017ee by N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1kon schv\u00e1lilo, postr\u00e1dalo legitimitu, ale proto, \u017ee jej schv\u00e1lilo pod n\u00e1tlakem. S p\u0159ijet\u00edm z\u00e1kona zem\u0159el i sen o chavismu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

29. ledna podepsala \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00ed prezidentka Venezuely Delcy Rodr\u00edguezov\u00e1 z\u00e1kon umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed privatizaci venezuelsk\u00e9ho ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. Jedin\u00fdm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2674,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,310,181],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100539"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100539"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100539\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}